Embedded Files
Sensors
Sensors
Sensors gather real-time data from the vehicle’s systems and environment, then send it to the ECU.
Oxygen sensor (O2
Measures oxygen in exhaust gases to control fuel-air ratio.
Throttle position sensor (TPS):
Detects how far the throttle is open.
Coolant temperature sensor:
Helps regulate engine temperature.
Crankshaft/camshaft position sensors
Provide position and speed of engine components.
Purpose: Provide data to optimize performance, fuel economy, and emissions.
Actuators
Actuators
Actuators carry out commands from the ECU by adjusting engine components.
Fuel injectors
Deliver precise fuel amounts into the engine.
Idle air control valve
Regulates engine idle speed.
Variable valve timing solenoids
Adjust valve timing for performance and efficiency.
EGR valve
Controls recirculated exhaust gases to reduce emissions.
ECU (Engine Control Unit)
ECU (Engine Control Unit)
The ECU is the vehicle’s central computer for engine management.
Key functions:
Collect data: From sensors around the vehicle.
Process data: Uses software algorithms to determine optimal performance settings.
Send commands: To actuators to adjust timing, fuel delivery, airflow, etc.
Monitor and adapt: Continuously optimizes performance and diagnostics.
Other ECUs: Vehicles may have separate ECUs for transmission (TCU), brakes (ABS ECU), etc.
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