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🔋 Battery
Stores electrical energy as chemical energy.
Provides power to the starter motor and ignition system when starting the engine.
Supplies current when the alternator is not running or demand exceeds supply.
Key components:
Battery terminals (positive/negative)
Battery cables
Ground connection
âš¡ Charging System
Keeps the battery charged and powers electrical loads while the engine runs.
Main parts:
Alternator
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (AC to DC via internal diodes).
Driven by a belt connected to the engine crankshaft.
Voltage Regulator
Controls alternator output to maintain voltage (typically 13.5–14.5V).
Can be internal (inside alternator) or external.
Drive Belt
Connects alternator to engine.
Fusible Link / Fuse
Protects wiring and components from overcurrent.
🔄 How It Works
Engine starts → Alternator spins.
Alternator generates current → powers car and recharges battery.
Voltage regulator adjusts output to prevent overcharging.
When engine stops, battery powers systems.
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