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of variance (% CV) of 20%. Carryover was assessed by injecting the lowest quality control following the injection of the high-quality control. Experiment 4. Develop a dynamic headspace GCMS (DHS GCMS) method for the direct analysis of e-cigarette components. Challenge: The DHS GC-MS had significant equipment failures over many months. A method for headspace analysis used in the analysis of fire debris evidence was concept tested to analyze atomizers on e-cigarettes. It was demonstrated that this method could be adopted for nicotine analysis. However, this method did not work for the analysis of methamphetamine. Static headspace with the charcoal strip used in nicotine analysis was evaluated a number of times with a number of extraction time periods and temperature parameters for methamphetamine analysis. Methamphetamine was demonstrated to aerosolize; however, it was not extracted from the aerosol onto the charcoal test strip or it was not possible to extract it from the charcoal test strip. The conclusion is that the charcoal test strip was not suitable for some drugs. Aim 2 Characterize representative electronic cigarettes available for consumers to purchase, to include efficacy of drug delivery. Experiment 1. Characterize major classes of e-cigarette devices available for consumers to purchase and describe the function of each component. Goal: The three major types of e-cigarettes were characterized (Figure 6-9). In order to understand the relationship between voltage, resistance, heat, and concentration of drugs in the aerosol, coil temperatures were assessed at various voltages and various gauges. Method: Two popular types of wire used within the e-cigarette community are Kanthal A-1 and Nichrome 80:20. Coils can be either contact or non-contact. Contact coils are tightly wrapped and the wire touches each wrap. Non-contact coils do not touch and typically have the wraps evenly spaced apart from one another. The temperature of the coils for the dry burns and wet burns when the coil is wrapped to the same resistance and burned at the same voltages were assessed. Both metal types will be evaluated at the same resistance (1.8 Ω), wet and dry, contact and noncontact, with wire gauge ranging from 26 to 36 and at 3.5, 3.7, 4.2, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 volts, with replicates of at least 3 for each variable. The atomizer was a Kayfun Lite Close Atomizer. The type of atomizer is less important than the assessment of the coils as the atomizer was attached to a constant power supply instead of a battery. Center coil temperatures of two wire types, each in three gauges, wrapped in both contact and non-contact, fired at four voltages, and wet with 100% VG or kept dry were measured. All coils were hand-built to 1.8 Ω resistance. Temperatures were measured using a Micro-Epsilon IR sensor with a laser sighting. To complicate this single coil model, users have begun to use dual coils in parallel for a technique called “sub-ohming” ( 3.70 g/mL. Once it was determined that commercial e-liquids contain ethanol, coil temperatures were evaluated for any significant change from the original temperature studies conducted without ethanol in lab-prepared e-liquids. Temperatures were significantly lower in some cases and higher in others. Therefore, it could be said that the temperature the coils were unpredictable with ethanol in the e-liquid. (Figure 19) Project Findings Aim 1 Develop reliable, validated analytical methods to support the efficient and thorough analysis of e-cigarette devices, device components, and aerosol for pharmaceuticals in adulterated, unadulterated, and selfprepared formulations. 1. DART-MS, LC-MS3 , and GC-MS methods were successfully validated to screen, confirm, and quantitate pharmacologically active ingredients in e-liquids and the aerosol. a. A trap and SPME extraction method were developed and validated to successfully capture the aerosol produced by an e-cigarette. Aim 2 Characterize representative electronic cigarettes available for consumers to purchase, to include efficacy of drug delivery. 2. Increases in voltage do not increase the temperature of the coil significantly and do not yield significantly higher concentrations of the