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Drug Dose (mg/kg) Route Effect Potential side effects Notes Preparation/ Use Pentobarbit al (Nembutal) 40 - 50 IP surgical plane of anesthesia ~15 - 60 min severe respiratory and/or cardiovascular depression very narrow safety margin; with widely variable responses should be diluted to a 6.0 mg/ml solution Propofol 26 IV typically used for induction; 2 - 3 min of surgical anesthesia apnea, hypotension must be delivered IV due to pain /tissue damage if delivered extravascular Thiopental 30 IV short-term (10 - 12 min) anesthesia IV use only; hypothermia, respiratory and cardiovascular depression marked accumulation in tissues Tribromoethanol 125 - 250 using a 1.25% solution IP 15 - 30 min duration single use only peritonitis has been reported, particularly with repeated dosing and/or incorrectly formulated solutions refer to TBE preparation instructions Isoflurane 3.5 - 4.5% induction / 1.5 - 3.0% maintenance inhaled low risk, rapid recovery Requires inhalational anesthetic training; Isoflurane Drop Method Agents to reverse or antagonize anesthetics or anesthetic effects Drug Dose (mg/kg) Route Agent Antagonized Notes Atipamizole 0.1 - 1.0 IM, IP, SC, IV xylazine or dexmedeto midine highly specific alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist; dose required is dependent on anesthetic dose given Doxapram 5.0 - 10 IM, IV to increase respiratory effort postanesthesia Atropine 0.04 SC, IM, IP reduces salivary and bronchial secretions; increases heart rate to counter anesthesia ‐ induced bradycardia Updated July, 2014, September 2016. Mouse Analgesics NOTE: There is considerable strain and individual animal variation in response to medications. With some exceptions, female mice have been found to be more sensitive to pain than males and analgesics may show a stronger effect in males. All rodents should be assessed for analgesic effect after analgesic administration. Keep in mind that mice are nocturnal. Thus, it is believed their pain levels may be best evaluated at night. Administration of analgesics in food or water may lead to inadequate dosing due to lack of palatability, degradation by hydrolysis over time ( in water), diurnal patterns of food consumption, pain induced anorexia (in rodents, eating and drinking are paired), or reduction of drinking. Animals should be acclimatized to the medicated water prior to the procedure and consumption measured to verify adequate fluid intake. Opioids - can be associated with pica and/or inappetence (dose and strain related effect).