Student's Task

The 19th century - focusing here on the Civil War and a decade after - is a controversial moment in history. Your task is to choose and research a person from the list below and use their perspective to answer the questions, or write a diary entry or soldier letter (if your figure was a soldier in the Civil War) in the way you believe your historical figure would. You can choose from any of the people representing one of the twelve townships in Callaway County or someone from the bonus section. Your goal is to expand your knowledge on the different perspectives in the war.


Influential Callawegians


Courtesy of Kingdom of Callaway Historical Society

Davis R. Knox
(Auxvasse Township)

October 28, 1837 - February 1914

A native to Callaway county, Davis Knox grew up on a farm, and at the age of eighteen got a job at a store in Danville, where he gained much experience and popularity as "one of the best and most popular clerks in Danville". In 1860, he opened his own store in Danville, and was very successful until October 1864, when the notorious bushwhacker Bill Anderson terrorized the town and burned his shop - and everything inside - to the ground. However, Knox refused to let this tragedy ruin his spirits. He worked hard and in 1867 opened a new store which immediately proved successful. Knox held several offices in Montgomery County, including in 1870, when he was nominated and elected county treasurer. Knox returned to Callaway County in 1876 to run the Portland store and lived in respect and happiness.

NOTE: Auxvasse Township is in the southeast corner of the county, not to be confused with the city of Auxvasse in north central Callaway.

Judge William S. Price
(Bourbon Township)

June 9, 1829 - March 13, 1894

William S. Price was raised on a farm and worked hard to accomplish much in his life. During his adult life he farmed and dealt with stock on a small scale: he worked with mules, cattle, hogs, and sheep. In 1874 Price was voted into the office of Justice of the Peace and, having pleased the people, was elected in 1884 to the office of county judge. Price was an associate judge of the county court and leading farmer of Bourbon township, well-respected by his community.

Captain George R. Brooks
(Caldwell Township)

September 30, 1839 - Jan 8, 1908

When the Civil War broke out in 1861, George R. Brooks enlisted in the Missouri State Guard in May. After his term ended he volunteered in the Confederate service under the immediate command of Colonel Porter. He was made captain of a company and held his role until the general surrender of his command at Shreveport, Louisiana on June 9, 1865. Having lost his family estate to an auction during the war, Brooks returned from the war poor. Through hard work, he worked his way up, bought land, married, and lived happily the rest of his life.

Dr. Lewis S. Barnes
(Calwood Township)

July 27, 1840 - (death date unknown)

When Lewis S. Barnes was nineteen years old, he studied medicine under his uncle. Barnes began active practice in Callaway and Montgomery counties in 1864. However, he had to give up his career after two years because of health complications. His farm was successful and Barnes began merchandising in Calwood in 1875. Dr. Barnes was very popular and well-liked by his community.

Jay Drake
(Fulton Township)

June 16, 1844 - Sep 7, 1900

Jay Drake was a farmer with an initial passion for music. Originally from Ohio, Drake enlisted in the 81st Ohio Volunteer Infantry at the age of seventeen and was made a leader of the regimental band. He was wounded at the Battle of Shiloh but continued to serve for fourteen months before he enlisted in the navy on the USS Osage, where he served for one year. After his service, Drake followed his parents to Missouri, where he refined his musicianship and learned the trade of painting carriages. He moved to Fulton in October 1882 and became a band teacher.

James D. Branch
(Cedar Township)

(Estimated) September 19, 1841 - July 15, 1914

James D. Branch was a gallant soldier of the Union Army, during the late war. Being raised on his father's farm, Branch would have access to a fair education in the county. During the beginning stages of the war, Branch took no active part either way, although his sympathies were strongly with the North. Branch would be brought into an active part in the war, however. Branch was shot by a squad of Bushwackers, commanded by Jim Brooks, who had left him for dead. After recovering from his wounds, Branch enlisted in the 5th Iowa Cavalry, Company C, commanded by Captain Charles A. B. Langdon. Branch would take part in all battles in the Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march, and Wilson's raid. After his service, he returned to his farm.

Absalom Hughes
(Cedar Township)

August 16, 1811 - Oct 24, 1894

Absalom Hughes was a gallant old soldier of the Mexican-American War, and a farmer with a large plot of land. Originally from Virginia, Hughes moved with his family to Missouri in 1839, where he settled in Callaway County. Like in Virginia, Hughes took up the profession of farming and would come to own 400 acres of land. In 1846, Hughes entered Colonel Doniphan's command of Missouri soldiers for the Mexican-American War, and was in the 1st Regiment Missouri Artillery Volunteers. Hughes was wounded by a cannonball, at the Battle of Sacramento, and was honorably discharged after the expiration of his term of service at New Orleans. Hughes would return to his homestead in Callaway County, and drew a pension during the war.

Dr. Thomas M. Nixson
(St. Albert Township)

July 22, 1828 - February 1914

Dr. Thomas M. Nixson was one of the leading physicians and surgeons of the southern part of the county. Nixson was born and raised in Chowan county, North Carolina. Nixson had access to a good education and attended Wake Forest College, North Carolina. After which, he would go on to study medicine at Wynton, North Carolina. In 1862, he entered the Confederate service as a surgeon of 68th North Carolina Infantry. He remained in the army until the close of the war, then practiced in Gates County, North Carolina. In 1870, Nixson moved to Callaway County and set up shop until his death.

Henry R. Davis
(Cote Sans Dessein Township)

January 28, 1849 - August 26, 1935

Henry R. Davis was a native of Callaway county. He was the oldest of eight children and grew up farming. He later learned the trade of blacksmithing. He was well-respected in his community. Contrary to other historical figures discussed on this page, Davis refused to marry for fear of having to live under the will of his wife instead of his own (see poem on his page linked below for more).

William J. Brown
(Liberty Township)

October 28, 1832 - Feb 13, 1908

William J. Brown was raised in a farming family in Montgomery County. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate army under Colonel Porter. Brown was captured in 1862 and was held in McDowell's Medical College in St. Louis (used during the time as a federal prison). Brown received an education simultaneously and graduated four months after his initial imprisonment. Despite his graduation, he did not receive his diploma but instead promised to not rejoin the Southern army. Brown went home and quietly farmed in Boone county. He moved to Callaway county in 1877, where he led the life of a successful farmer and stock raiser.

James W. Boulware
(Liberty Township)

April 2, 1836 - July 12, 1911

James W. Boulware was one of the most well-respected teachers of Callaway County. His teaching career began in 1855 and spanned twenty years, ending in 1876. During the years of the Civil War, Boulware only taught during the Winter months, devoting time to his farm during the appropriate seasons. In 1861 he volunteered in Company E, 9th Missouri (Confederate) until the end of the war. He fought in a few notable engagements and sustained two injuries: a shell wound at Prarie Grove and a musket ball wound at Pleasant Hill. Boulware resumed teaching after the war, began farming in 1870, and gained much success and respect in the eyes of those in his community.

Colonel Jefferson F. Jones
(Jackson Township)

November 6, 1817 - January 24, 1879

Born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, Jefferson F. Jones would grow up to become a legend and a founder of the Kingdom of Callaway. Jones was educated in Fulton, Missouri, and began to practice law in the town. When Jones caught wind of a Union invasion of the county, he immediately rushed to gather troops to defend the county (See the Callaway County Before, During, and After the American Civil War under The Birth of a Kingdom for more information). His efforts proved successful, and a truce was arranged. Unfortunately, no physical treaty has been preserved, but in doing so the Union had in effect negotiated with sovereign power. Thus, the term "Kingdom of Callaway" was born. Jones would later be held prisoner, and then banished from the county (this banishment lasted only a week). Jones eventually returned to the county, where he took up farming until his death.

Colonel Thomas J. Gibbs
(Round Prarie Township)

April 24, 1827 - (death date unknown)

Thomas J. Gibbs was born in Kentucky and his family moved to Missouri when he was two years old. Gibbs fought in both the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the American Civil War (1861-1865). His page linked below details the epic of his service. Gibbs was twenty years old when the Mexican-American War broke out and joined St. Louis Light Legion, Company A, Colonel Williams' Regiment of Scott's division. He participated in four notable American victories. At the conclusion of the war Gibbs learned the trade of carpentry. He became a Lieutenant Colonel when he enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861. Gibbs lived a life of adventure and bravery and returned to Callaway as the leading carpenter in his region of the county.



Fun fact!

Colonel Gibbs's son, Jefferson Davis Gibbs, worked as a railroad brakeman, and he survived two train accidents! Check out his story here!

Samuel Grant
(Nine Mile Prarie Township)

February 15, 1824 - September 15, 1893

Samuel Grant would grow to become a leading and representative citizen of Callaway county. Grant was raised on his father's farm and received a good education as he grew up. Grant took over the farm, consisting of about 400 acres, after his father's passing. Except for a few small debts, life on the farm was good for Grant. That being said, the California gold rush that broke out in 1848-49 excited Grant. He left to seek his fortune in The Golden State. While he did not find pits of gold, he did have moderate success. He would return in 1853 with $7,000, which he used to invest in livestock, keep the farm, and to pay off debt. Grant would remain on the farm until his death in 1893.

Capt. John M. Kelso
(Nine Mile Prarie Township)

March 22, 1829 - Nov 12, 1908

John M. Kelso was born on a farm in this county, in 1829. He remained on the farm until he was 17 years of age, when the Mexican-American War broke out. He enlisted in Captain Charles Rogers' company of Colonel Doniphan's regiment for the war and fought in the battles of Sacramento and Bratzito. After being honorably discharged, Kelso returned to his farm in Callaway County. In 1861, he enlisted in Captain Dan McIntyre's company of the Missouri State Guard and served a full term of six months, and participated in the battles of Carthage and Wilson's Creek. Kelso went on to enlist in the Confederate Army in Colonel Burbridge's regiment, under General Price. In 1864, Kelso assisted in recruiting more soldiers and thus was promoted to second lieutenant of the company. Kelso was involved in no less than 17 engagements during the war. He again returned to farming in Callaway County after the war, plus worked in construction across the county.

Captain James W. Martin
(Nine Mile Prarie Township)

May 31, 1832 - September 13, 1913

Captain James W. Martin, like so many others, was born on a Missouri farm, where he received a good education. He attended Westminster College, then resumed his farming duties upon completion of his schooling. He would remain on the farm until the war broke out. In 1862, Martin enlisted in the 67th Missouri State Militia (for the Union) under Colonel Lovelace, where he served until the end of the war. Martin was made regimental quartermaster with the rank of Captain, receiving his commission from Governor Gamble. Martin would hold this position until he was discharged, after which he returned to his farm. Here he grew/raised all kinds of crops and livestock, which resulted in the farm being extremely successful.


Bonus Section


Dred Scott

1800 (unknown exact year) - September 17, 1858

Dred Scott was a man who was be born into slavery, and who would constantly try to gain his freedom through the Missouri Courts. At one point, his wife won her freedom, but the decision was reversed by the Missouri Supreme Court. Eventually the Dred Scott case reached the U.S Supreme Court, where again freedom was denied. The Dred Scott case outcome was extremely controversial at the time and contributed pushing America into the Civil War.

J.D.B. Debow

July 10, 1820 - February 27, 1867

Mr. Debow was a man of many positions and talents. Originally working as a merchant, Debow rose to a high governmental position in the Confederate States of America. Debow got his start in his hometown of Charleston, South Carolina, but would leave to become an editor of political essays. Toward the end of his life, and during the Civil War, Debow was made the chief agent for the purchase and sale of cotton. He directly helped shape the economy of the new nation.

Jesse Woodson James

September 5, 1847 - April 3, 1882

Jesse James became a legend in both his own lifetime and in Missouri History. James joined a Confederate guerrilla unit, led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson, after his family were hurt and threatened by Union soldiers. James fought through the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, and would terrorize Union units and towns. After the war, James became an outlaw and would show strong opposition to Radical Republican leadership in the Missouri Government. James was eventually murdered, but he remains an icon of the American Civil War.

Image credit belongs to the Glens Falls Chronicle

Solomon Northup

July of 1808 - estimated around 1863

Solomon Northup's autobiographical memoir, Twelve Years a Slave, became a top seller that exposed the horrors of slavery. He was born and would grew up as a free man in Minerva, New York. Northup was raised on his father's farm, and would entertain himself with books and playing the violin. He was taken from his family, in March of 1841, after he was kidnapped by men pretending to be employers. Northup was then sold into slavery, and was forced to do a variety of tasks. He eventually befriended Samuel Bass, an anti-slavery Canadian carpenter visiting the plantation Northup was on. Bass would assist Northup's quest to return home, by finding a lawyer who could assist in winning his freedom.