Nemertea

NeoEdiacaran Nemertean descendants:

Stabworms

Nemerteans were one of the few macroscopic animals seeded. Out of the two classes of Nemertea, Enopla has become more diverse due to the versatility of their stylet. This large clade will be called Stabworms. To support their larger size they opted for hemoglobin in their blood to more efficiently carry oxygen through the body.

1. Scourge worms are small red worms that live in oceanic substrates all over the world, a few terrestrial and freshwater species exist as well. Instead of hunting, the proboscis is used to dig tunnels in search of detritus. Their red blood helps them survive better in low oxygen environments. They are a common prey item to many species and rely mainly on numbers to survive. They descend from Anoplan nemerteans, as do the Grove Nemerteans (5) therefore lacking a stylet.

2. Camoworms are stubby and often have many protrusions resembling algae and coral. They are predatory and rely on stealth to catch worms and other small animals in front of them. Most species have venomous stylets that can sometimes paralize prey larger than themselves.

3. Beard worms are much larger predatory nemerteans that mainly hunt other nemerteans. Their proboscis can shoot out at alarming speed to catch anything their body's length in front of them. Some species of Beard worms can reach several feet long and are venomous.


4. Clownworms are nemerteans with specificied diets and poisonous skin. They use colors and smells to warn predators that they are toxic. Most species aren't particularily colorful at the beginning of their evolution since most of their predators' eyes aren't advanced enough to see color but the few that are, are more likely to survive in the future as the nemertean's eyes become more complicated.

5. This descendant is very distantly related to the others, it comes from the class Anopla which possess no stylet. The grove nemerteans live in more temperate waters with more nutrients. They can filter feed with a specialized branching proboscis and gain nutrients from symbiotic algae in their skin. Most of the time these worms stay in one spot with their tails crammed in a crevice while the rest of the body is out in the current, but if a predator comes near they are capable of swimming in a similar way to Earth flatworms.

Terrestrial Nemerteans, Plain worms

Terrestrial nemerteans are the most successful group on land currently. They descend from the marine beardworms. To adapt to land they have further developed their excretory system into organs that contain millions of flame cells. Essentially functioning as kidneys, these new organs filter wastes and toxins out of their bodies through enlarged nephridophore orifices. Most species of terrestrial beard worms are important detritivores that eat dead organic plant and animal material. Few are predatory, either consuming soil microbes or other scourge worms. Even with further advancements of the circulatory and excretory system, these worms are still vulnerable to desiccation meaning they're stuck living in dark humid environments. The larvae of this group are different from most nemerteans, they are smaller versions of adults instead of plankton.

Blipworms

Blip worms are stabworms that fill a pelagic, usually planktonic, niches in the ecosystem. They form a large percentage of the Alluvius zooplankton population and are a very important part of the general food chain. They are now preyed on by many macrotifers and jellyfish. Blip worms possess a more advanced circulatory and nervous system. A dorsal heart tube fuels their blood while the lateral nervous system gives them body support. They maintain a hydrodynamic oval shape with a sort of hemostatic skeleton and the two lateral nerves lined with ossified rings, functioning in a similar manner to vertebrate spines and squid gladii. Blipworms also have fin rays, made of a mixture between cartilage and chitin, attached to these bone rings.

Gillworms

The Moray Stabworm is a large nemertean that can grow a few meters long. It's an ambush predator that lunges at unsuspecting reef macrotifers with an armed proboscis. Like it's close cousins the blipworms, these predators have hearts and blood but lack notorings. They instead have a cartilaginous half pipe running above the dorsal hearts for support and flexibility. Evolved from extended sensory extensions on the rear, the group this species belongs to possesses external gills. Soft feathery organs filled with hemoglobin blood. For the most part, these sensitive parts are nudged in rock crevices safe from nipping animals but they're not safe from parasites. A nest of Grorgs could possibly infest a more sickly Stabworm, so a symbiosis evolved.

Croissant worms

Derived from Blipworms, the Croissant worms are an incredibly diverse clade of shelled animals. During the nemertean's development, notorings grow external spikes which then fuse and become a shell, most comparable to the process Earth's turtles go through. Croissant worm diets vary wildly among species; Initially coming from generalist filter feeders, they will now feed on algae, animals, carcasses, detritus, and more. The mollusk-like worms inhabit all oceanic and freshwater environments on Alluvius. Some species are amphibious, slithering from tide pool to tide pool. All species of Croissant worm possess two gills within their shell as well as several bristles along their bodies used for breathing, protection, and/or sensory purposes depending on species.

Rhizophorean Nemertean descendants:

Nemertopoda

Croissant worms being such a successful group even after the NeoEdiacaran extinction have naturally diversified heavily. The most abundant clade spawned from the Croissant worms are the Nemertopods, shelled animals with segmented limbs. These segments originally evolved in the antannae for ease of development, but later became more robust and used for movement. This was the beginning of the Nemertopod clade, which spawned many subclades. Mainly the Arthroteans and Loboteans, distinguished by calcified leg segments and soft hydrostatic limbs.

Arthroteans

Arthroteans have spread across Alluvius quickly, becoming an incredibly diverse group of mostly aquatic benthic and later terrestrial creatures. Unlike Earth Arthropods, the group does not shed their exoskeleton, it is instead secreted like the molluscan shell. These powerful legs allow most members of Arthroteans to be well protected and mobile. Aquatic species do not possess larvae and instead birth smaller adults. The basal Arthroteans include (in order of appearance):

• Imperials - Mantis-like predators which hunt prey by stabbing with serrated front legs. Imperials come in a wide variety of sizes and hunt a wide variety of Motifers, Croissant worms, Stabworms, Blipworms, and other Arthroteans. Some species can reach several feet long and kill small Sarcoptifers. Imperials will also occasionally possess venom in their limbs, especially useful for large prey or defense.

• Snatchids - Typically small benthic organisms that hunt small prey like Rochovies, Origifers, and Blipworms. Snatchids occupy niches similar to Skeleton shrimp, Sea horses, or predatory tunicates. Their six back legs are built for hanging onto substrate in strong currents while their front legs are either sharp and used for grabbing prey, or feather-shaped and used for collecting plankton.

• Tickworms - Small ectoparasites that feed on the blood of Motifers and other species. When born, Tickworms are planktonic and will find a host either by bumping into them, or attaching to seagrass and letting their host find them. They have a special tube shaped proboscis which sucks blood and then deposits it into the mouth. Tickworms spread many diseases and are a menace to lots of Motifer populations. They have out-competed most Grorg worms, forcing the nematodes to compete in other ways.

Nemaceans - Possess a curved body and a larger shell that covers the entire body. Most feed by dragging food with their legs into the center of their body where the proboscis then draws it into the mouth. Nemaceans are the most abundant Arthroteans though most do not exceed a few inches. Deep sea varieties however can reach large sizes due to deep sea gigantism. Most species are herbivores or detritivores.

Loboteans

Loboteans are the sister group to the Arthroteans. They possess soft segmented legs and therefore less protection than their calcified counterparts. Many Lobotean groups have thus evolved in many interesting ways to protect and feed themselves. Most have more complex camera lens eyes comparable to basic vertebrates or arachnids. Many also contain pigment changing cells for a variety of purposes. Lobotean clades listed from left to right:

• Hypnopods - Loboteans with chromatophores on flattened limbs used for communication, hypnosis, and defense. Hypnopods typically live in burrows or crawl on reefs, using bright colors to fool predators into thinking they're poisonous. Most species use their front four limbs for hypnosis, drawing in benthic invertebrates or motifers closer so the hunter can impale them with the proboscis. Some species have interesting social interactions, fighting with dazzling colors and patterns to confuse their rivals or attract mates. Due to their color changing abilities, Hypnopods have advanced eyes that can see more colors than Humans, but not as many as Mantis Shrimp. Hypnopods will also sometimes practice parental care, storing the eggs in their burrows until they hatch.

• Onychoteans - Typically long-bodied cold water dwellers that are carnivorous. The Onychoteans possess a tail segment that grows more legs as the animal grows, starting as antennae and ending as fully functional hydrostatic Lobotean limbs. Their length aids quick movement, squeezing through crevices, and camouflage. Many will be disguised as algae and hunt Blipworms and Snatchids in a similar way to Earth Chameleons. Some are also tide pool dwellers, using their many legs to crawl from tide pool to tide pool.

• Nemertigents - Crafty reef dwelling predators with a complex brain. Nemertigents are among the ranks of most intelligent creatures on Alluvius along with the Whoppifers. Their three dimensional environments and hard to penetrate prey require their nervous system to be more complex. As well as the fact that they have less protection due to the reduced shell for further flexibility. Some use large Croissant worm or Clampifer shells as mobile homes like Hermit Crabs or Coconut Octopuses. Others can change colors over the course of minutes to blend with surrounding rock or convey mood to others. Most Nemertigents are solitary but live long and have few young. They fill niches most comparable to anglerfish, octopuses, and predatory crustaceans.

More Terrestrial Nemerteans

Terrestrial Nemerteans were affected by the NeoEdiacaran extinction in strange ways. The climate swings led to many going extinct but the higher oxygen content soon allowed them to bounce back. The evolution of the Steppe grove especially led to greater diversity in this group. All Rhizophorean terrestrial nemerteans descended from a species of plain terrestrial nemertean with developed nephridia, eye spots, arteries, and the ability to secrete a slime cocoon in dryer conditions.

Annutean - A burrowing group which developed external segmentation for more efficient movement and respiration. This group is then split into Annuteans with and without setae. These setae are typically used for increased grip or defense in the form of spikes. All species are subterranean detritivores.

Railroad worms - Spiky worms descended from the setae-bearing Annutean clade. Species are typically brightly colored and capable of producing neurotoxin for protection against predatory worms. The clade is mostly herbivorous, some varieties specializing to break down one species of Mangrove.

LONG - Very thin yet incredibly long nemerteans capable of absorbing nutrients through the skin. Most LONGs live deep in soil far from other burrowing worms, they have incredibly efficient blood for low oxygen conditions comparable to Lugworms. The longest LONGs are capable of reaching five meters. This is also the first terrestrial nemertean to become secondarily aquatic, marine and freshwater varieties existing everywhere on Alluvius.

Cobra worm - A predatory and venomous clade of nemerteans. To hunt, Cobraworms will engulf a plain nemertean or surfaced Annutean and try to inject its stylet. Their venom is incredibly strong and can paralyze a worm in seconds, allowing the slow Cobraworm to enjoy its meal.

Ogre worm - Fierce ambush predators lurking under logs and caverns everywhere. These voracious worms use their slime like a spider uses its web, trapping other worms and quickly impaling them with their venomous stylet. Some Ogre Worms will even secrete mucus that smells like carcasses to lure the poor nemerteans. The entire group also possesses enlarged skin pores along the lateral ends of the body connected to special glands for increased mucus secretion. On the posterior, Ogre Worms grow a pair of hooks for attachment to upside down surfaces. These chitin structures have evolved independently from Annutean setae.

Railroad worms descend from Annuworms which descended from Plain Nemerteans. All other groups descended from Plain Nemerteans seperately.

Tracheaverms

The bounce back of tropical reefs in the form of Clampifer reefs led to Blipworms becoming larger nekton in place of Motifers. These larger Blipworms are known as Tracheavermi due to two of their antennae inverting for more active respiration, becoming trachea. Orifices leading to these trachea have circular muscles that actively draw water in and out. These adaptations are very important since the Tracheavermi are also mesothermic. An innovation evolved due the planet's overall colder climate and the Tracheaverms' larger surface area leading to heat loss. Many species in the even colder polar regions have a form of blubber for insulation. All Tracheavermi also have sclerotized and jointed fin rays, derived from the Blipworms' cartilage and cartilaginous ones.

Tracheavermi are devided into the tentacled and spiked groups. The tentacled Tracheavermi often possess muscular tentacles derived from one or two pairs of antannae. The Spiked Tracheavermi will either have external protrusions of the notorings or fin rays separated from the main fins, both used for various purposes.


All varieties shown here are within the tentacular grouping aside from the benthic ambush hunter and the specialized defensive mesopredator.

As of the early Rhizophorean, no tracheavermi exceed a three meter length and none are considered apex predators, that title would belong to Sarcoptifers.

Scootaceans

Scootaceans are a terrestrial group of Nemaceans that sift though leaf litter and logs on forest floors. During the day they bury themselves in mud not only to keep their gill chamber humid but to also to absorb minerals from the soil for shell growth. Like Earth mollusks, their hard parts are made of calcium carbonate which is far less common on land than in the ocean. These creatures serve as important ecological garbage disposals and as food for many Ogreworms, Cobraworms, Inchifers, and Terrifers. Unfortunately the Scootaceans shell limitations and gills will never allow it to reach the diversity of insects or the size of tetrapods but they fill an important role in the environment none the less. Scootaceans are also canonically adorable.

Freshwater and Amphibious Tracheaverms

Tracheavermi moved into brackish and freshwater habitats relatively quickly after their radiation, though only the Tentacular clade made the jump. Most fill niches analogous to large freshwater Earth fish like Pikes, Arapaima, Gar, and Catfish. Most are venomous and are able to paralyze prey though some have a shorter rhynocoel and proboscis in exchange for longer grasping tentacles. All species are carnivorous hunters of Rochovies, Eelifers, and small Sarcoptifers. Freshwater Tracheavermi have more highly developed trachea as well, especially ones that live in murky or still waters.

Tetraverms are a result of their prey, the Lurkifers, becoming terrestrial. Some Tetraverms compete with the Lurkifers while most others consume them. Tetraverms are typically ambush and chasing predators of Rochovies, Eelifers, Inchifers, Terrifers, and Swampifers. Unlike their contemporaries, Tetraverms have permeable skin, vulnerable to dryer terrestrial environments. This limits all Tetraverms to wet rain forest environments. Despite this they have several advantages. These large Blipworm descendants have trachea capable of breathing air and water as long as they're wet, and two pairs of enlarged fin rays for crawling. Tetraverms spend most of their time in water like Swampifers but some species will travel several meters inland in search of prey. All species have a gizzard and swallow stones to break down food. Tetraverms all have seven limb bones stemming from their vertebrae while their aquatic relatives, tracheaverms, can have any where from seven to thirty depending on size of fins.

Tetraverms

The Tetravermi being the only clades capable of reaching large sizes due to developed limbs and skeletons have taken over most terrestrial megafaunal niches. Evolving from amphibious ambush predators, earlier forms are still bound to wet environments due to permeable skin and shell-less eggs. Due to competition and inland resources however, both the Centivermi and Hexivermi have evolved more terrestrial forms. To accomplish this both have evolved scaleless, leathery skin that secretes oils comparable to mammals as well as eggs with hard calcium shells comparable to reptiles and creepifers.

Centivermi and Hexivermi are differentiated largely by internal limb structure. The Centivermi have many, typically unspecialized, limbs all facing outward from the body connected by sockets. Limbs are added to the back as the animal grows and species can have anywhere from four to thirty pairs of legs. Hexivermi consistently have six limbs though they are typically evolved for unique tasks. The front two legs and back two legs are connected to each other and have limited movement in outer directions. Meanwhile the middle pairs of legs are typically capable of moving in all directions. The Hexivermi are divided by the centaur clade which walks on four legs and uses the front pair for grasping, and the hexapod clade that walks on all six legs and may have a lengthened body or neck. Of the two the hexapod clade is far more abundant and diverse meanwhile the centaur clade is almost all fast running carnivores.

All Tetravermi live in tropical and temperate rain forests, only having limited reach in the steppe environment due to their legs being ill-adapted to walk on bushes. They have moved to the Northern part of the continent thanks to a thin strip of land that isn't desert though the southern hemisphere contains the most diversity. Few species have adapted full herbivory, most being omnivorous. Smaller groups of Tetraverms are cold blooded while larger species are mesotherms.


Click here for Hexaverm anatomy.

Secondarily Aquatic Hexaverms

The paddlers, flappers, and kickers, secondarily aquatic hexaverms derived from centaurs. The first of this diverse aquatic group was likely a Centaur that swam in rivers to catch freshwater motifers. From this pioneer animal rose aquatic centaurs that either caught prey with their claws and tentacles, the latter being more successful and conquering marine environments. The paddlers are the most basal of the aquatic tentacle hunters, wading on the surface of rivers and estuaries. These typically large-bodied predators will stay still for several minutes, waiting for motifers to swim under them only to dive down and pierce the poor creature with a venomous stylet. The paddler will then strangle the usually just as large motifer until it is paralyzed and ready for digestion. Most species are solitary and very territorial unless in a mating pair. A sister clade of the paddlers are the kickers, smaller animals that swim primarily via leg propulsion like frogs and sea birds of Earth. The kickers will typically live in groups of 4 - 10 called romps. They socialize and make mating calls with their chambered nasal openings that can make various sounds from grunts to whimpers. To hunt, kickers will typically try to ambush freshwater motifer shoals from above, trying to swallow them whole with a stretchy throat. Opening the pharynx with water instantly lets a few liters of water into the mouth, capturing whatever poor soul was in front of the kicker. Kickers also have a loose social hierarchy with females usually being dominant over males and recieving more food, especially while pregnant. Most species give live birth under mangrove roots or while swimming. Some kickers live in coastal habitats though most are restricted to the freshwater and brackish habitats of Alluvius.

Finally there's the sprites, a mostly marine group more related to the kickers than the paddlers. Sprites have various adaptations allowing them to live in shallow oceans and open seas. Their higher nasal openings and efficient flippers are perfect for breathing at the surface and swimming fast after their primary prey, sarcoptifers. Due to their air breathing capabilites, warm blood, skeleton, and other such adaptations, many are larger than most sarcoptifers and some of the largest animals on Alluvius. They are only rivaled by the Whoppifers due to their filter feeding life style. Most Sprites are social and communicate either by nasal sounds or color changing to show emotion. All species give live birth and both sexes care for eachother's offspring.