Kaufmann was born in Karlovy Vary to Julius and Josefine Antonia. He studied at the Hochschule fr Musik in Berlin training under Franz Schreker and Curt Sachs between 1927 and 1930. He then studied in Prague under Gustav Becking and Paul Nettl (father of the musicologist Bruno Nettl). While a student he met and became friends with Albert Einstein.[2] He graduated in 1934 with a dissertation on Gustav Mahler but refused a degree in protest of his ordinarius (=professor) Gustav Becking who was a Nazi supporter. For a time he worked as an assistant to the conductor Bruno Walter at the Charlottenburg Opera in Berlin and for Radio Prague and saw some of his earliest compositions played in Carlsbad, Berlin, Wroclaw, Prague and Vienna.[3]

He married Gerti (Gertrude) Hermann (d. 1972), a niece of Franz Kafka and the family fled Nazi Germany in 1934. His father died when the family reached the Czech border. He moved to India and worked as a director of music at the All India Radio in Bombay from 1937 to 1946. His contemporary John Foulds, known for banning the harmonium from Indian radio, worked in New Delhi.[4] He founded the Bombay Chamber Music Society along with others like Mehli Mehta (Kaufmann also taught the Mehtas' son Zubin Mehta). He also researched Indian and Asian music, writing about them in journals.[5] He composed the signature tune for All India Radio in 1936.[6]


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Just before the war Kaufmann spent some time in America, unsuccessfully attempting to establish himself there, but ultimately returned to India. During World War II he served in the British Navy and after the war he tried to return to Prague but settled instead in London, arriving in August 1946, where he scored two documentary films for the Rank Organisation and (at the invitation of Adrian Boult) occasionally conducted the BBC Theatre Orchestra. A year later he left England, moving to Nova Scotia, Canada where he taught at the Halifax Conservatory.[7] With the support of by Sir Ernest MacMillan, Kaufmann was invited to become the first professional conductor of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra from 1948 to 1956.[8] Divorced from his first wife Gerti, he married the pianist Freda Trepel in 1951.[9] After moving to the United States, he served as a professor of musicology at Indiana University from 1957 until his death in 1984 in Bloomington.[10][11][12]

Kauffmann was a prolific composer.[13] There are over eighty works with orchestra in his catalogue,[14] including six symphonies (between 1930 and 1956). There are also eleven numbered string quartets[15] and more than a dozen operas.

While in the UK he began to write light music character pieces such as the Fleet Street Tavern overture. In Canada his ballet scores Visages (1948) and The Rose and the Ring (1949) were commissioned by the Royal Winnipeg Ballet,[8] and several large orchestral works were written for the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.[16] His wife Freda was the soloist for the premiere of his second Piano Concerto, and Kaufmann invited leading performers such as Glenn Gould and Szymon Goldberg to play with the Winnipeg Symphony.[3] And in the US his opera The Scarlet Letter (after Hawthorne) was very well received at its premiere by the Opera Department of the Indiana University School of Music in the early 1960s.[17]

His scores can be found in The Kaufmann Archive at the William and Gayle Cook Music Library at Indiana University,[18] in Harvard University'sHoughton Library.,[14] and in the Moldenhauer Archives, Spokane, Washington. There are currently few available recordings, though a disk of his chamber music was issued in August 2020.[14]

Wonderful post. With the signature tune of AIR, it hits one. Yes, the same tune is used -I think it comes on at 5.45 . Long time since I tuned in to AIR. 


Its Suryan FM or our local FM channel that I tune into the minute I enter the kitchen in the mornings. And the radio does stay on until the morning routine is done. The analog clock is still important though a timer has its place too.


Sunlight, when it hits the stainless steel sink can still hold one with its patterns. And the hiss of the idli cooker and the milk boiler compete with the ragaas on the radio.


But, when I do get up early enough to catch vande mataram , its still special.

dear maddy


once again you took me back to my childhood,the morning scene was similar but by then it was the pumping stove instead of the firewood ,and my dad used to keep carnatic music in radio ,i still remember that . whenever i hear violin pieces specially one in A.R.Rehman composed song sung by unnikrishnan "uyyire " where the piece ends with a soulful signing off violin tune ,i remmebr rushing to school once vividbharati songs ended at 9.30pm which was late for me 

tks for making me go back

This post brings back memories from my growing up years. We had a Murphy radio. When it conked off, I used its speakers to power my brother's Walkman to listen to my kind of music.


I believe AIR still plays this music at the crack of dawn. 


And Akashwani is so much a better name than All India (Indira during her era) Radio.


That is my blog. Look at that Bush Radio in it too. Will post about our good old [may be 100!] Ansonia clock later


I enjoyed your post... so beautifully describing the morning scene. That 'L' bracket... it was where my father had placed it - to be out of reach of us! The 'magic eye'- we enjoyed how it worked. The shades of green there was a beauty - in fact, IS. I've still kept it in working condition - with some effort! 


How we converged to it when the film sound track was broadcast every Sunday afternoon! 


Many thanks for the information on Signature Tunes. I've taped it too many years back. 


The beauty of the sounds emanating from that Bush is something unsurpassable. I somehow like the sound better on Shortwave and Medium Wave than the FM. They have a depth.

i used to love this tune as appa switched on the radio every morn .. & particularly luv the way the sanskrit news reader began "samprati vaartah sruyantam ..pravachaka baladevanda sagarah..."

thanx

I am not from India, never been to, but have heard this tune in a couple of films such as Ardh satya, and Pareenita.As a child I used to listen to radio from all over the world and in early morning I might have heard this tune. This tune depicted dawn and was fantastic, since then I have been looking into finding out more about this tune. Found out now and amazed.

Dear Maddy,

I can't thank you enough for uploading this tune followed by Vandematharam. It brought tears in my eyes right away. I loved the description of the typical morning scene which was probably universal.

Would be nice if we can go back in time and go back to those days without all the complex technology we have now. As somebody pointed out, radio was the only entertainment at home.

Thanks again.

Krishna

Simply magnificent! I cannot believe 2 years passed since this tune was available on the internet thru your site(perhaps a reminder how marriage kills surfing habits?)


Thanks a lot...Now I got to learn to wake up early and play this as my 10 month kid gets up :)

To understand the song, one must understand the Indian movie industry. Ever since cinema was introduced to India, most commercial movies have been heavy, sweet, musical productions. The song-and-dance interludes are not incidentals, but staples, and often are what make or break a movie. An American friend of mine was under the impression that singing was a necessary skill for Indian actors and actresses! Actually, the singing is almost always done by background singers. The background singers, of course, are not required to possess charisma or looks, and in fact in early times, care was taken to not expose them in the media, to preserve the romantic association with their voices in the minds of the moviegoing public.

Why is all this so important? Right from the beginning, movies took over the hearts and lives of common Indians in a manner that nothing has done before or since. The happiness, the tragedy, the passionate and tender love, and the conflict are all designed to speak to the melodrama-loving Indian heart. As Hindi grew more popular, Hindi movies took over the whole country. The heart of the Hindi film industry in Bombay, whimsically nicknamed Bollywood, eventually became a force larger than the one it was named after. The songs are no exception, and over the last sixty years or so filmi music, as it is called, has become by far the most popular kind in India.

Two female background singers perhaps distinguish themselves from the rest in sheer prolificness and popularity: Asha Bhonsle and Lata Mangeshkar. The two, as it happens, are sisters, and recently there has been much focus on their professional and sibling rivalry. At any rate, their singing formed the emotional soundtrack of India, as it were, for many years.

What is he talking about? The movies and songs are an escape: they are what allow people to forget important concerns, at least for a while. The reference to dams might need a bit of explanation. In India, these often are unnecessarily huge and costly projects that are designed that way with the aim of being points of prestige, and besides, for lining the pockets of politicians and contractors. They displace thousands of people and impact the environment in massive ways. The project currently approved on the Narmada is one present-day example. So these are issues that people should be worried about.

These are historic icons of filmi and pop music. Rafi and Mangeshkar are other background singers. Solid state radio is self-explanatory. All-India Radio is the one, public radio station that existed all the decades before privatized radio stations and FM came to India. Two-in-ones are radio-cum-casette players. I confess the other references are strange to me.

Why do I find this song so remarkable? Most people, when talking of Indian culture, tend to make statements which fall in two categories. The first consists of glorifications of classical Indian culture, philosophy, tradition, and so forth. The second consists of lamentations about the corruption, poverty, dirt, and how the whole country is going to the dogs. 152ee80cbc

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