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In every patient with dyspnea, this must be ruled out. Screening can be done using echocardiography. This examination usually overestimates the pulmonary pressures. The diagnosis is made using cardiac catheterization, to examine the right side of the heart. Failure to recognize this can lead to sudden death during a surgical procedure. The cause of death in these patients is sudden death.

The differential diagnosis must be made with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure and other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, such as systemic diseases and drug-induced forms. The patients are eligible for pulmonary arterial hypertension-lowering medication.

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