Networking
Types of Area Network
The Network allows computers to connect and communicate with different computers via any medium. LAN, MAN, and WAN are the three major types of networks designed to operate over the area they cover. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between them. One of the major differences is the geographical area they cover, i.e. LAN covers the smallest area; MAN covers an area larger than LAN and WAN comprises the largest of all.
There are other types of Computer Networks also, like :
PAN (Personal Area Network)
SAN (Storage Area Network)
EPN (Enterprise Private Network)
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Types of Network Topologies
Bus Topology: The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.
Ring Topology:
Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.
The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit it to the next node.
The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.
Star Topology: Star topology is an arrangement of the network in which every node is connected to the central hub, switch, or central computer.
Tree Topology: Tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology and star topology.
Mesh Topology: Mesh technology is an arrangement of the network in which computers are interconnected with each other through various redundant connections.
Hybrid Topology: The combination of various different topologies is known as Hybrid topology.
Components of Networking
NIC (Network Interface Card)
NIC is a hardware component used to connect a computer with another computer onto a network
Wired NIC
Wireless NIC
HUB
ALWAYS do Broadcast
Layer 1 device
Shared bandwidth
Less no of ports
Doesn’t learn mac address
Switch
which connects two or more computers together.
Many no of ports.
Learn mac address.
Two types of switch:-Manageble switch and an unmanageable switch.
Layer 2 devices, datalink layer ( mac address )
Router (Cisco 1760)
It is an internetworking device used to connect two or more different networks.
It works on layer 3 i.e. network layer.
It Performs Routing
OSI Model (7 Layers)
Open System Interconnection
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer