Axle torque & Speed
PTO torque & Speed
GPS
Battery current & voltage
Motor current & voltage
6-component load cell
Fuel consumption
Real-time prediction
Axle torque
Battery state of charge (SOC)
Motor speed controller
Kalman filter algorithm
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
PID controller
Energy-Saving filtering algorithm
Transmission
Tractor
Motor
Battery energy
Field design
Soil sample collection
Soil shear stress
Soil compaction force
Soil water content