Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion:- ACDF surgery is a type of cervical spine surgery. it has a two-part discectomy to relieve the pressure over the nerve and spinal cord and the other one is a fusion of adjacent cervical vertebrae.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) are to remove the herniated disc and fuse the adjacent vertebrae. After removal of disc space is filled bone graft and disc spacer .after disc space and bone graft insertion a metal plate applied and fixed with a screw. The patient is mobilized on the next day morning according to patient comfort. During the hospital stay, all rehabilitation measures explain.

Who are candidates of this surgery-?

Bulging and herniated disc (not every), degenerative cervical stenosis, cervical stenosis with myelopathy, traumatic cervical spine fracture, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), etc.

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion– In comparison to the ACDF procedure one or more vertebral bodies are removed, and empty space filled with bone graft and metallic mesh cage. The whole construct fixed with a metallic plate and screw from the front side. Surgery indicated in multilevel cervical stenosis, cervical spine traumatic injury, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), Multi-level disc bulging, and herniated disc.

Cervical Total Disc Replacement(C-TDR)-

Restore the disc function by replacing the degenerated disc by an artificial disc.

It is a new innovation in cervical spine surgery in this procedure herniated or degenerated disc removed and it is replaced by an artificial metallic disc. In comparison to fusion surgery, artificial cervical disc replacement surgery or cervical arthroplasty has certain advantages. It maintains motion at the degenerated spinal level, minimizing the several complications associated with fusion surgery. TDR surgery has two parts first is decompression at degenerated level (herniated/bulged disc) and replacement by a metallic artificial disc.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)

For safe spine surgery, it is an integral part of many neuro spine surgical procedures.

It is a real-time monitoring of nerve tissue during surgery. Electrodes are placed over selected muscle belly, dermatomes, and the area around sphincters. All electrodes are connected to the software (modem). Different modality has been used and each has a specific application.

These modalities include motor evoked potentials (MEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), etc.

Advantages:- Minimize neurological damage during surgery, identify important neural structures during surgery, and minimize or limit postoperative impairments, medico-legal aspect.