Isolation of B Cells Using Silane‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

One of the most important advantages and applications of coated nanoparticles in biological applications is their use in isolating different types of cells to diagnose and treat all types of diseases. Therefore, in this research work, the possibility of isolation and enrichment of B cells using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles are first coated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to make them hydrophilic and prevent their clumping, then reacted with and rendered biocompatible by FITC anti-human CD20 antibody. These nanoparticles containing antibodies have been used to isolate B cells from the lymphatic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) tests were used to check the magnetic properties and coating of nanoparticles. The flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy tests are used to check antibody binding to nanoparticles. Moreover, flow cytometry tests were used to check the extent of cell separation. Results show that nanoparticles reacted with 450 μL of antibody (T450) performed better than other nanoparticles in isolating B cells.

Histogram plot of coupling of silane-coated MNPs with FITC anti-human CD20 antibody at four different amounts of antibody (Figures (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) correspond to T25, T100, T300, T450, and MNPs without antibody, respectively).

Metamorphic oxygen-evolving molecular Ru and Ir catalysts

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/cs/d2cs00463a

Today sustainable and clean energy conversion strategies are based on sunlight and the use of water as a source of protons and electrons, in a similar manner as it happens in Photosystem II. To achieve this, the charge separation state induced by light has to be capable of oxidising water by 4 protons and 4 electrons and generating molecular oxygen. This oxidation occurs by the intermediacy of a catalyst capable of finding low-energy pathways via proton-coupled electron transfer steps. The high energy involved in the thermodynamics of water oxidation reaction, coupled with its mechanistic complexity, is responsible for the difficulty of discovering efficient and oxidatively robust molecules capable of achieving such a challenging task. A significant number of Ru coordination complexes have been identified as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) and are among the best understood from a mechanistic perspective. In this review, we describe the catalytic performance of these complexes and focus our attention on the factors that influence their performance during catalysis, especially in cases where a detailed mechanistic investigation has been carried out. The collective information extracted from all the catalysts studied allows one to identify the key features that govern the complex chemistry associated with the catalytic water oxidation reaction. This includes the stability of trans-O–Ru–O groups, the change in coordination number from CN6 to CN7 at Ru high oxidation states, the ligand flexibility, the capacity to undergo intramolecular proton transfer, the bond strain, the axial ligand substitution, and supramolecular effects. Overall, combining all this information generates a coherent view of this complex chemistry.

Drawing of the crystal structure of the OEC-PSII. The Mn4O5Ca cubane type of structure and the dangling Mn(4) are shown with capped sticks. The bonds for the additional ligands completing the octahedral type of coordination of the Mn and Ca metal centres are depicted with dashed lines. The histidine and carboxylates residues, represented with capped sticks, are indicated in the drawing, whereas the aqua ligands are represented with spheres and are labelled as W1–W4. Please note that W in this drawing does not stand for the tungsten metal. Colour code: Mn, purple; Ca, green; O, red; O from aqua ligands, orange; N, blues; C, light brown.

Amplifying the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fluorinated Salt as the Surface Passivator

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ente.202200211

The 3D-halide perovskite-based solar cells have shown outstanding power conversion efficiency, while the layered perovskite is emerging as the advanced version to deliver high stability. Galvanized with the surge of the report of layered perovskites, a common salt tetra-n-butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF) as a passivating agent between perovskite and hole transporting layer that improves the power conversion efficiency and stability, is explored. The use of TBAPF as a surface passivator mitigates the surface defects and increases hydrophobicity. The fluorine atoms in TBAPF provide hydrogen bonding interaction with the hydrogen of organic ammonium cation in perovskite established by proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Effective charge extraction to the hole transport layer is suggested by steady-state photoluminescence measurements, showing higher quenching with the passivated perovskite compared to the pristine perovskite. The results suggest that TBAPF treatment improves the junction quality and minimizes the defects by virtue of H bonding, which in turn improves the photovoltaic parameters and long-term stability.

a) 1HNMR of CsFAMA (Blue) and CsFAMA–TBAPF (Red) in DMSO (400 MHz, d6) and b) the magnification of 1HNMR at 7.80–7.90 ppm and at 8.40–9.20 ppm of d6 solvent.

Reducing the Trap Density in MAPbI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Bromide Substitution

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cplu.202200021

The past decade has witnessed tremendous advancement in the field of halide perovskite (PSK) as a choice of material for high-performing solar cells fabrication. Here, we investigate the impact of the halide exchange through N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) treatment in MAPbI3 based solar cells. We observed the partial halide exchange (I− to Br−) or the filling of halide (X−) vacancy upon treatment of different NBS concentrations experimentally by spectroscopic and diffractogram studies. We noted that halide exchange impacts the crystallization and is beneficial in improving the photovoltaic performance. The optimized 0.5 % NBS treated PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 17.87 % due to an increment in open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Jsc). We noted improved perovskite crystal growth upon Br− substitution; eventually, it helps to lower the trap density, reducing non-radiative recombination and renders the enhancement of long-term stability of PSC.

(a) J–V graph of pristine MAPbI3 and 0.5 % NBS treated PSCs, (b) corresponding incident-photon-to-current-efficiency graphs, (c) steady-state photo-current for 600 s at 850 mV, (d) maximum power point tracking for the 0.5 % NBS treated PSC at 850 mV without encapsulation for 50 h under nearly 1 sun illumination at ambient condition. The statistical PV parameters of (e) Voc (f) PCE of the pristine and 0.5 % NBS treated PSCs.

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