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Integrated 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL)
Integrated 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL)
The Integrated 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL) is the new model of the existing 2 PACL system developed for the AMS-Tracker and LHCb-VELO CO2 cooling systems.
This system, through its compressor, applies an atmospheric level of 5, turning the gaseous CO2 into liquid CO2. This liquid CO2 is then sent to the experiment, evaporates and returns to the compressor.
CO2 cooling has very good physical properties which allow small diameter tubing. Regarding traditional Fluorocarbon systems, the cooling system mass can be reduced by about 80% (Verlaat et al., 2012)
Advantages:
- Clean and green technology
- Small cooling tubes
- Accurate (isothermal) and direct temperature control on distant experiments
- Higher energy efficiency rate while working for longer periods
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