In art and architecture, decorations or visual motifs may be combined and repeated to form patterns designed to have a chosen effect on the viewer. In computer science, a software design pattern is a known solution to a class of problems in programming. In fashion, the pattern is a template used to create any number of similar garments.

Spiral patterns are found in the body plans of animals including molluscs such as the nautilus, and in the phyllotaxis of many plants, both of leaves spiralling around stems, and in the multiple spirals found in flowerheads such as the sunflower and fruit structures like the pineapple.[4]


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Chaos theory predicts that while the laws of physics are deterministic, there are events and patterns in nature that never exactly repeat because extremely small differences in starting conditions can lead to widely differing outcomes.[5] The patterns in nature tend to be static due to dissipation on the emergence process, but when there is interplay between injection of energy and dissipation there can arise a complex dynamic.[6] Many natural patterns are shaped by this complexity, including vortex streets,[7] other effects of turbulent flow such as meanders in rivers.[8] or nonlinear interaction of the system [9]

Foams obey Plateau's laws, which require films to be smooth and continuous, and to have a constant average curvature. Foam and bubble patterns occur widely in nature, for example in radiolarians, sponge spicules, and the skeletons of silicoflagellates and sea urchins.[12][13]

Cracks form in materials to relieve stress: with 120 degree joints in elastic materials, but at 90 degrees in inelastic materials. Thus the pattern of cracks indicates whether the material is elastic or not. Cracking patterns are widespread in nature, for example in rocks, mud, tree bark and the glazes of old paintings and ceramics.[14]

The materials and teaching tools of Zentangle (a blend of meditative Zen practice with the purposeful drawing of repetitive patterns or artistic tangles) has been copyrighted by Rick Roberts and Maria Thomas.[20] The process, using patterns such as cross hatching, dots, curves and other mark making, on small pieces of paper or tiles which can then be put together to form mosaic clusters, or shaded or coloured in, can, like the doodle, be used as a therapeutic device to help to relieve stress and anxiety in children and adults.[21] [22]

In architecture, motifs are repeated in various ways to form patterns. Most simply, structures such as windows can be repeated horizontally and vertically (see leading picture). Architects can use and repeat decorative and structural elements such as columns, pediments, and lintels.[23] Repetitions need not be identical; for example, temples in South India have a roughly pyramidal form, where elements of the pattern repeat in a fractal-like way at different sizes.[24]

Mathematics is sometimes called the "Science of Pattern", in the sense of rules that can be applied wherever needed.[25] For example, any sequence of numbers that may be modeled by a mathematical function can be considered a pattern. Mathematics can be taught as a collection of patterns.[26]

Daniel Dennett's notion of real patterns, discussed in his 1991 paper of the same name,[27] provides an ontological framework aiming to discern the reality of patterns beyond mere human interpretation, by examining their predictive utility and the efficiency they provide in compressing information. For example, centre of gravity is a real pattern because it allows us to predict the movements of a bodies such as the earth around the sun, and it compresses all the information about all the particles in the sun and the earth that allows us to make those predictions.

Some mathematical rule-patterns can be visualised, and among these are those that explain patterns in nature including the mathematics of symmetry, waves, meanders, and fractals. Fractals are mathematical patterns that are scale invariant. This means that the shape of the pattern does not depend on how closely you look at it. Self-similarity is found in fractals. Examples of natural fractals are coast lines and tree shapes, which repeat their shape regardless of what magnification you view at. While self-similar patterns can appear indefinitely complex, the rules needed to describe or produce their formation can be simple (e.g. Lindenmayer systems describing tree shapes).[28]

Many patterns make use of subpatterns, sometimes called outer and innerpatterns, respectively. Patterns match recursively on their subpatterns.For example, the individual fields of any collection-type pattern could be variable patterns or constant patterns:

The object pattern checks that hist.entries has the named type MapEntry,and then recurses into the named field subpatterns key and value.It calls the key getter and value getter on the MapEntry in each iteration,and binds the results to local variables key and count, respectively.

Binding the result of a getter call to a variable of the same name is a commonuse case, so object patterns can also infer the getter name from thevariable subpattern. This allows you to simplify the variable patternfrom something redundant like key: key to just :key:

The previous sectiondescribes how patterns fit into other Dart code constructs. You saw some interesting use cases as examples, like swappingthe values of two variables, ordestructuring key-value pairsin a map. This section describes even more use cases, answering:

Block Patterns are predefined block layouts, available from the patterns tab of the block inserter. Once inserted into content, the blocks are ready for additional or modified content and configuration.

Welcome to the patterns home page. It is a source for information about all aspects of software patterns and pattern languages. If you are new to patterns, James Coplien and Richard Gabriel have created a succinct pattern definition.

Graph pattern matching sits at the very core of Cypher.It is the mechanism used to navigate, describe and extract data from a graph by applying a declarative pattern.Inside a MATCH clause, you can use graph patterns to define the data you are searching for and the data to return.Graph pattern matching can also be used without a MATCH clause, in the subqueries EXISTS, COUNT, and COLLECT.

These simple patterns for nodes and relationships form the building blocks of path patterns that can match paths of a fixed length.As well as discussing simple patterns, this chapter will cover more complex patterns, showing how to match patterns of variable length, inline filters for improved query performance, and how to add cycles and non-linear shapes to path patterns.

This pattern language consisting of 65 integration patterns helps developers design and build distributed applications or integrate existing ones. The patterns provide a technology-independent vocabulary and visual notation harvested from proven solutions to recurring problems. They also share common "gotchas" and design considerations. Besides receiving numerous accolades, the patterns spurred the development of a whole generation of open source Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) implementations, such as Apache Camel, Mule, WSO2, Oracle Service Bus, Open ESB, SonicESB, or Fuse ServiceMix.

When Bobby Woolf and I started to document the patterns 20 years ago, the key technologies for distributed applications were JMS, SOAP, MSMQ, and .NET WCF. Large-scale application integration was done with integration tools and platforms, such as IBM WebSphere MQ, TIBCO, WebMethods (now Software AG), or Microsoft BizTalk. Although technology has evolved, many of these products still form the backbone of modern enterprises.

Cloud platforms and deployment automation have laid the foundation for a new generation of distributed systems: microservices and serverless architectures. Those applications rely on a smooth interconnect between components, giving rise to Service Meshes, Serverless Orchestrators, and Event Buses. Amazingly, we find the same integration patterns in those systems! That's why this site contains many modern examples for integration patterns:

Asynchronous messaging is the foundation for most integration solution because its architectural style acknowledges the challenges of distributed communication, such as latency or partial failure. However, many interactions between systems extend beyond sending a single, stateless message: a request may expect a response; a handshake or authentication are needed first; a reservation is confirmed or expires. Such conversations, stateful exchanges between participants, present new design challenges and patterns. I therefore started documenting Conversation Patterns, which are the starting point for Enterprise Integration Patterns 2.

National Patterns of R&D Resources provides current data on the levels and key trends of the performance and funding of research and experimental development (R&D) in the United States. These detailed statistical tables supplement analytical InfoBriefs available at -collections/national-patterns, from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES).

The project aimed to compare key diet quality indices and their associations with cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality. These indices include the Mediterranean Diet Score, Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and DASH Scores. An index-based approach to dietary patterns was chosen because this method addresses the complexity of diet, multicollinearity between dietary components, and can be readily translated into dietary recommendations.

Therefore: in the early 1990's, a bunch of people in the software world developed the idea of software patterns to capture these common solutions. By writing them down, in a somewhat structured format, we can better share this otherwise implicit knowledge. And, in contrast to libraries, this writing can also explain when the solution is appropriate and what signs lead to an alternative approach 2351a5e196

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