According to the United States Geological Survey, karst systems are created from a dissolution of soluble rocks, such as limestone. With limestone being a prominent geological formation in Kentucky, most of the state is susceptible to karst system formations. Karst systems are heavily characterized by sinkholes, springs and caves and have a unique hydrogeology that results in highly active springs that are vulnerable to contamination [1]. A sinkhole at 701 E. 7^th St in Lexington, KY is the product of one of these karst systems located within the Cane Run Watershed. The underground network that this sinkhole connects to, leads to the Royal Spring Aquifer, which is a drinking water source for Georgetown, KY. The sinkhole and aquifer are susceptible to pollution from urban runoff, floating trash, sediment and dissolved pollutants. Water quality is heavily monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). A Maximum Contaminant Level is the maximum concentration of a specified chemical that is allowable in public drinking water systems [2].

Along with having water quality concerns, the sinkhole has previously flooded during a storm event in May 2020. According to a study done by the University of Maryland and the Center for Texas Beaches and Shores (Texas A&M University), urban flooding is a significant source of economic loss, social disruptions and housing inequality. The study recognizes suburban development, aging and undersized infrastructure and an increase of intense rainfall events as contributing factors to urban flooding [3]. The area around the sinkhole consists of both residential and commercial properties. Both property types are currently being developed, which can contribute to more water being diverted to the sinkhole.