Physics

This model simulates the movement of free electrons and holes in various semiconductor types, including intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, PN junctions, and solar cells. It allows students to explore the flow of electricity in a circuit that includes a semiconductor by observing how electrons and holes behave at the atomic level.

• Grades: 6-12, College Physics/Chemistry

• NGSS Standards: HS-PS4-5

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This model represents the changes of state at the micro-particle level. By heating up and cooling down a set of particles, students can explore the fundamental features of three states. This model is particularly good for students to identify visual evidence for describing different states and the changes,  and explore the relationships between particles’ kinetic energy and the space they may take.

• Grades: 6-8

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-4.

This model represents the changes of state at the micro-particle level. In this model, the states of matter are determined by three factors–kinetic motion, attraction and repulsion. By heating up and cooling down a set of particles, students can explore the fundamental features of three states. This model also allows students to explore the interplay between the attractive force and repulsive force. This model is particularly good for students to identify visual evidence for describing different states and the changes, as well as explore how the states of matter are influenced by intermolecular forces and the kinetic energy.

• Grades: 6-8: 

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-4.

This model simulates the state changes of water. By heating up and cooling down the water molecules in the model, you add to and remove the kinetic energy from the molecules. Due to the intermolecular forces, these water molecules will then take more or less space. When they are cooled down enough, these molecules will form a crystalized structure, i.e.,ice. This model can be used to explore the states of water, the relationships between molecules’ kinetic energy and space they may take, and the unusual space changes in water when it freezes.

• Grades: 6-8

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-4.