Chemistry

The model visualizes the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- at different pH levels. It helps to address four common misconceptions on the pH of solution. It also provides the pH values of a collection of common items.

• Grades: 6-12, College general chemistry

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-2, HS-PS1-5

This model presents the differences in titrating a strong acid (HCl) and a weak acid (Acetic acid). Students are able to observe the changes in pH when titrating a strong/weak acid with NaOH solution. Students may also change the concentrations of acids and the titrant and observe the corresponding results. 

• Grades: 6-12, College general chemistry

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-2, HS-PS1-5

This model presents the differences in titrating a strong base (NaOH) and a weak base (Ammonia). Students are able to observe the changes in pH when titrating a strong/weak base with a HCl solution. Students may also change the concentrations of bases and the titrant and then observe the corresponding results. 

• Grades: 6-12, College general chemistry

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-2, HS-PS1-5

Carbonic acid (H2CO3), Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbonate ion (CO3 (2-))are three species of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that coexist in water. In a closed system, assuming that no carbon leaves or enters the system, the proportions of these species are determined by many factors. This model presents the proportions of three DIC species at different pH levels, ranging from 0 to 14, holding other factors constant. This model may serve as the foundation for students to explore the phenomenon of ocean acidification.

• Grades: 6-12, College general chemistry

• NGSS Standards: MS-PS1-2, HS-PS1-5, HS-ESS3-6