Embedded Files
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Distress-4_Dec25.pdfSurvey Instrument (doc)
Detailed version of the Distress Survey Moule. Tailor to your program requirements.
Google Doc: Click on the top-right corner of the thumbnail to access the Survey Instrument. Download the document to edit in Word or make a copy in your Google drive. Note: Version 3 (May 2026) includes an update to harmonize the direction of all questions to make it easier to plot. This means that the question about stress is now asked about the responent remaining calm.
Sample Distress tool (ODK xls form)
A Distress Survey module formatted to upload directly into Kobo Toolbox. Tailor to your program requirements.Distress_ODK.xlsxGoogle Sheet: Click on the top-right corner of the thumbnail to access the file. Download the document to edit in Excel or make a copy in your Google drive.
Recommended Analysis Steps
Recommended Analysis Steps
Calculate average scores (automatically in KoboToolbox or manually in Excel)
Classify average scores into three categories
0-1 - Low distress
1-2 - Moderate distress
2-3 - High distress
Create stacked barcharts for 4 questions and classification
Explore which questions had the biggest impact
Break down by key intersectional charactestics (gender, age, education, disability etc.)
Create heatmap tables for the average scores
Break down by key intersectional charactestics (gender, age, education, disability etc.)
Images with illustrative data coming soon.
Quantifying participant distress: Validity and applicability of a distress measure to evaluate harm in quantitative assessments
This journal article introduces the Distress-4 measure - a validated tool to track distress for participants of surveys on sensitive topics. We present the measure's conceptual and empirical development and examine the validity of the measure through data from Cambodia and Nepal (n = 4,674) using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for formative measurement model assessment.
Type: Journal Article
Date: July 2025
Citation: MacArthur J, Budhathoki R, Prasad Basnet M, Yadav A, Dhakal S, et al. (2025) Quantifying participant distress: Validity and applicability of a distress measure to evaluate harm in quantitative assessments. PLOS ONE 20(7): e0326957. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326957
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