Heinrich Schliemann. 1850. Public Domain.
Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist and excavator best known for his work in discovering Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns. He was born on January 6, 1822 in Neubukow, Mecklenburg Schwerin, a town in North East Germany. By his own autobiographical account, he was the son of a poor pastor. Schliemann credits his father with inspiring within him a love for antiquity when he was gifted a history book that depicted Troy in flames at the age of seven. This passion was later intensified when, apprenticed to a grocer, a 14 year old Schliemann heard Homer recited in the original Greek. Schliemann’s life would take him down many paths such as being a captain boy and an office boy, but throughout his youth one constant that remained was his love and proficiency for languages. Although accounts vary, his repertoire is confirmed to have, at the very least, included Russian, Ancient Greek, and Modern Greek.
Eventually Schliemann would amass his own fortune during the Crimean war (1853-1856) by working as a military contractor, and this eventually allowed him to retire at the age of 36. In retirement, he was able to devote his time to the study of archeology and traveling the world. Using funding from his own fortune, Schliemann began excavating a large man-made mound in Hisarlik, where he believed Troy had once stood. Two years later, in 1873, he discovered fortifications of a great city as well as gold jewelry, and vessels of bronze, silver, and gold which he would eventually smuggle out of Turkey. Schliemann would return to the site to resume excavation in the following year but in the meantime published Troja un seine Ruinen (1875; “Troy and Its Ruins”). Schliemann would continue to pursue archaeological work until his death, conducting excavations in Ithaca (1878) and Boeotia (1880, 1881, 1886), before returning to Troy for a third and forth time, with the later continuing until his death. Despite having worked with many classical archaeologists throughout his life, Heinrich Schliemann is today considered the “Father of Modern Archaeology,” as his many books and especially dispatches to publications such as The Time and The Daily Telegraph kept the public informed and excited by his findings. As Glyn Edmind Daniel, notes, “Schliemann became a symbol of the romance and excitement of archaeology.”
Schliemann at the Lion Gate. Perhaps 1891. German Archaeological Institute at Athens.