About

“Accession Record: Hawaiian Canoe, Catalog No. E160416-0.” National Museum of Natural History Anthropology Collections, Smithsonian Institution,

https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8428966.

Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture. Houghton Mifflin, 1934.

David Kalākaua.” Hawaii State Archives, Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services,

https://history.hawaii.gov/kalakaua/.

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1894: Appendix II, Documents 389–448.” U.S. Department of State – Office of the Historian, history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1894app2/d404#. Accessed Nov. 2025.

“Kapiʻolani.” Encyclopaedia Britannica,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kapiolani-queen-of-Hawaii.

“Kapiʻolani and Liliʻuokalani — Visionary Queens of Hawaiʻi | Reckoning With Our Racial Past.” Google Arts & Culture, artsandculture.google.com/story/kapi%E2%80%98olani-and-lili%E2%80%98uokalani-visionary-queens-of-hawai-39-i-reckoning-with-our-racial-past/lgVxV-6ZoEHReA?hl=en. Accessed Nov. 2025.

Kuykendall, Ralph S. “Queen Kapiʻolani.” The Hawaiian Journal of History, vol. 22, 1988, pp. 1–26. https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/430.

Mintz, Sidney W. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Penguin Books, 1985.

Naranjo, Ashley. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Collection: Uncovering the Secrets of Queen Kapi’olani’s Canoe.” Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, 6 Feb. 2019, https://learninglab.si.edu/q/ll-c/o3VCeVyPabJ1RK5M 

“Navigating the Ways of the Wa’a.” Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 2018, naturalhistory.si.edu/research/anthropology/programs/recovering-voices/outreach/news-research-updates/navigating-ways-waa. 

“Outrigger Canoe | Smithsonian Institution.” Si.edu, 2018, www.si.edu/object/outrigger-canoe%3Anmnhanthropology_8344757. 

“Past Exhibitions.” Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, https://naturalhistory.si.edu/exhibits/past-exhibits.

 “Queen Kapiʻolani’s Canoe.” Images of Old Hawaiʻi, imagesofoldhawaii.com/queen-kapi%CA%BBolanis-canoe. Accessed Nov. 2025.

“Queen Kapi‘olani’s Canoe Model.” Sketchfab, skfb.ly/oHC8r. Accessed Nov. 2025.

“Queen Kapiʻolani.” Kama Kākoʻi: Hawaiian Historical Biographies, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, https://www.kamakakoi.com/queen-kapiolani/.

“Queen Kapiʻolani.” Kapiʻolani Community College Library Research Guide: Hawaiian History, https://guides.library.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/hawaiianhistory/kapiolani.

Shayne, Del. “Journal4279.” The Indian Reporter, 2018, www.theindianreporter.com/shaynedel/2018/journal4279.pdf. Accessed Nov. 2025.

“Title of Map Story”. ArcGIS StoryMaps, storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5363810fd60145ff85415296ea3d00fa?utm. Accessed Nov. 2025.

“Waʻa Project.” National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology Department, Smithsonian Institution,https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/anthropology/collections-overview/waa-project.

Siikala, Harri. “The House and the Canoe: Mobility and Rootedness in Polynesia.” Beyond the Horizon, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 2000, pp. 101–120.