Honor Killing is a generic term used to refer to the premeditated murder of preadolescent, adolescent, or adult women by one or more male members of the immediate or extended family.
Pakistan
Kuwait
Turkey
Egypt
Iraq
United States
Jordan
United Arab Emirates
Canada
Syria
Iran
Europe
Going on a Date Without Approval/Chaperone
Holding Hands/ Dating/ Sleeping with a man who isnt your culturally sanctioned husband
Eloping with a lover
Incest
Rape
The majority (39%) were husbands, 15% were brothers, 9% were fathers, 6% were brothers-in-law, 5% were other family members, and the remaining 26% were relatives [11].
Many countries have laws that allow killings on the basis of honor
Egypt
Penal Code # 58 Article 237
the perpetrator is “liable to prison sentence instead of capital punishment.”
Iraq
Penal Code # 1966 Article 409
The perpetrator is only “punished by prison for a period not exceeding three years"
United Arab Emirates
Penal Code #3/1978, Article 334
the “perpetrator shall be punished with a prison sentence”
Kuwait
Article 153 of the Penal Code
the perpetrator is punished by “prison for a period not more than 3 years and a fine or by one of these two penalties”.
Jordan
the perpetrator may benefit from a mitigating excuse, which means that the act of killing in the name of protecting the family’s honor is justifiable and punished to a lesser extent
Iran
Article #301
Justifies a father or paternal grandfather killing his daughter without any retaliation from the judicial system.
Article 630
allows a man to kill his wife if he witnesses adultery
The highest number of HKs is believed to be in Pakistan. A total of 4101 cases of honor crimes have been reported to the court in the period between 1998 and 2003
the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan reports a steady increase in the frequency of honor killings;
Studies conducted in Pakistan have concluded that in relation to legal action toward HK, only a small number of perpetrators were arrested
The literature suggests that the Muslim country in which the honor killing is most common, and probably most studied, is Pakistan
over 4 years, between 2004 and 2007, 1957 honor killings occurred in Pakistan
In a study of 856 ninth graders in Jordans secondary schools, a sizable number of respondents thought it was acceptable to kill a female family member who had dishonored the family.
Jordan, the perpetrator may benefit from a mitigating excuse, which means that the act of killing in the name of protecting the family’s honor is justifiable and punished to a lesser extent [27].
In Jordan, abusing or killing wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters who engage, or are alleged to have engaged in sexual misconduct is considered to be normative rather than deviant behavior.
Syria recently increased the sentence for honor killings from 1 year to two
Jordanian study discussed how Syrian refugees were especially prone to sexual and gender-based violence, including honor killings, as a result of the country’s declining economic conditions since the start of the war in Syria [21].
In a 2018 study in Kuwait, half of the sample (524 citizens) found it acceptable to practice physical violence against females in case of adultery, and a third (of both men and women) encouraged setting legislation to punish females who commit adultery.
In a study conducted in Turkey involving 116 male students, 55% did not justify honor killing, but 45% justified it on grounds of dishonor either in the name of religious dictates or because of social estrangement and shame if the murder is not committed
According to the author, there has been a large increase in the murder rates of women in Turkey following the modernization processes, reaching 1400% in 5 years: “In a response to a parliamentary question, the minister of justice of that time provided some statistics which showed a 1400% increase in women murdered in five years.
Religion and the intensity of religious beliefs had no bearing on HK support.
The culture of honor is found in many societies, and is not linked to a specific religion or society