Kelelawar (Paniki)

Literature

1. Adams, R.A., & S.C. Pedersen. 2000. Ontogeny, Functional Ecology, and Evolution of Bats. [PDF]

2. Altringham 2011 Bats_ From Evolution to Conservation [PDF]

3. Carrera, J.P.. 2010. Bats of the Tropical Lowlands of Western Ecuador issue Number 57. Museum of Texas Tech University [PDF]

4. Crichton 2000 Reproductive Biology of Bats [PDF]

5. Donnelly, M. & T. Martin. 2020. Bats of Buton Island. Operation Wallacea. Lincolnshire, UK.  [PDF]

6. Graham, G.L., & F.A. Reid. 1974. Bats of the World: A Golden Guide. Golden Press. [PDF]

7. Kunz, T.H.. 1982. Ecology of Bats. Springer US. [PDF]

8. Rodriguez, C.. 2009. Bats. Rourke Pub Group [PDF]

9. Taylor 2019 Bats: An Illustrated Guide to All Species [PDF]

10. Wimsatt, W.. 1970. Biology of Bats. Academic Press Inc. ISBN: 978-0-12-758001-2 [PDF]

11. Zubaid, A., G.F. McCracken, & T.H. Kunz. 2006. Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Bats. [PDF]

Kelelawar di Sulawesi (ES Endemik Sulawesi, n=North)

1. Acerodon celebensis (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ES VU [Wikipedia • IUCN VU]

2. Acerodon humilis* (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN EN] {P Talaud}

3. Cynopterus brachyotis (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN]

4. Cynopterus luzoniensis (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

5. Cynopterus minutus (Pteropodidae)

6. Dobsonia crenulata (Pteropodidae)

7. Dobsonia exoleta (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ES [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

8. Emballonura alecto (Emballonuridae)

9. Emballonura monticola (Emballonuridae)

10. Eonycteris spelaea (Pteropodidae)

11. Hipposideros cervinus (Hipposideridae)

12. Hipposideros diadema (Hipposideridae)

13. Hipposideros galeritus (Hipposideridae)

14. Hipposideros pelingensis (Hipposideridae)

15. Kerivoula hardwickii (Vespertilionidae)

16. Kerivoula papillosa (Vespertilionidae)

17. Macroglossus minimus (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

18. Megaderma spasma (Megadermatidae)

19. Miniopterus australis (Miniopteridae)

20. Mops sarasinorum (Molossidae)

21. Mosia nigrescens (Emballonuridae)

22. Myotis horsfieldii (Vespertilionidae)

23. Myotis moluccarum (Vespertilionidae)

24. Myotis muricola (Vespertilionidae)

25. Neopteryx frosti (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ESn VU [Wikipedia • IUCN EN]

26. Nyctimene cephalotes (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

27. Nyctimene minutus* (Pteropodidae) ⁜ EW [Wikipedia • IUCN VU] {P Buru}

28. Pipistrellus javanicus (Vespertilionidae)

29. Pteropus alecto (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

30. Rhinolophus celebensis (Rhinolophidae)

31. Rhinolophus philippinensis (Rhinolophidae)

32. Rhinolophus tatar (Rhinolophidae)

33. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

34. Rousettus celebensis (Pteropodidae) ⁜ [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

35. Styloctenium wallacei (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ES [Wikipedia • IUCN NT]

36. Thoopterus nigrescens (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ES [Wikipedia • IUCN LC]

37. Thoopterus suaniahae (Pteropodidae) ⁜ ES [Wikipedia • IUCN • Irrawaddy • WAM]

38. Tylonycteris robustula (Vespertilionidae)

Database PKKH

Kelelawar dan Coronavirus

1. Molecular detection of bat coronaviruses in three bat species in Indonesia. Dharmayanti NL, Nurjanah D, Nuradji H, Maryanto I, Exploitasia I, Indriani R.    J Vet Sci. 2021;22:e70.   Summary: Bats are an important reservoir of several zoonotic diseases. However, the circulation of bat coronaviruses (BatCoV) in live animal markets in Indonesia has not been reported. Genetic characterization of BatCoV was performed by sequencing partial RdRp genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based on nucleocapsid protein (N) gene and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the N protein were conducted to detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA and antibody, respectively. We identified the presence of BatCoV on Cynopterus brachyotis, Macroglossus minimus, and Rousettus amplexicaudatus. The results showed that the BatCoV included in this study are from an unclassified coronavirus group. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and antibodies were not detected in the sampled bats. [doi] 

2. Bat Coronavirus of Pteropus alecto from Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Wenty Dwi Febriani, Uus Saepuloh, Ellis Dwi Ayuningsih, R. Suryo Saputra, Azhari Purbatrapsila, Meis Jacinta Nangoy, Tiltje Andretha Ransaleh, Indyah Wahyuni, Safriyanto Dako, Rachmitasari Noviana, Diah Iskandriati, Ligaya ITA Tumbelaka, Joko Pamungkas. The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research. Abstract: Bats have been known as natural reservoirs for potential emerging infectious viruses, such as Lyssaviruses, Coronaviruses, Ebola viruses, Nipah virus, and many others. Because of their abudance in population, wide distribution and mobility, bats have a greater risk as source for zoonotic transmission than other animals. Despite the facts of their role as reservoirs for many pathogens, not until an epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, that people pay much attention about coronavirus in bats. SARS-like virus also found in bats with a higher prevalence rate. This study aims to detect the coronavirus of bats in Gorontalo province Indonesia, characterization at the molecular level of the coronavirus genome and determining the level of kinship (through trees filogenetic). This study was conducted as part of bigger PREDICT Indonesia project, in particular to examine coronavirus in bats from Gorontalo province, Indonesia.  As many as  95 rectal swab samples collected from flying foxes (Pteropus alecto) were analyzed in the laboratory using Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to amplify the target sequence from RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) gene with 434 basepair product, resulted 24 samples determined as presumptive positive. Eight out of 24 presumptive positive samples by PCR were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and confirmed coronavirus positive. Phylogenetic tree analyses to the eight coronavirus confirmed-sequences were constructed with MEGA-6.0 . The conclusion was 24 out of 95 samples suggested as presumptive positive to Bat CoV. Eight out of 24 samples were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and have similarities in the kinship. Three samples had the 98% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Indonesia and five samples were 85-88% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Thailand. [doi]

3. Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region. C. S. Smith, C. E. de Jong, J. Meers, J. Henning, L- F. Wang & H. E. Field . EcoHealth volume 13, pages72–82 (2016). Abstract: Following the SARS outbreak, extensive surveillance was undertaken globally to detect and identify coronavirus diversity in bats. This study sought to identify the diversity and prevalence of coronaviruses in bats in the Australasian region. We identified four different genotypes of coronavirus, three of which (an alphacoronavirus and two betacoronaviruses) are potentially new species, having less than 90% nucleotide sequence identity with the most closely related described viruses. We did not detect any SARS-like betacoronaviruses, despite targeting rhinolophid bats, the putative natural host taxa. Our findings support the virus-host co-evolution hypothesis, with the detection of Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8 (previously reported in Miniopterus species in China, Hong Kong and Bulgaria) in Australian Miniopterus species. Similarly, we detected a novel betacoronavirus genotype from Pteropus alecto which is most closely related to Bat coronavirus HKU9 identified in other pteropodid bats in China, Kenya and the Philippines. We also detected possible cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses, and the apparent enteric tropism of these viruses. Thus, our findings are consistent with a scenario wherein the current diversity and host specificity of coronaviruses reflects co-evolution with the occasional host shift. [web] Smith, C.S., de Jong, C.E., Meers, J. et al. Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region. EcoHealth 13, 72–82 (2016). [doi]

4. Quantifying the bat bushmeat trade in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with suggestions for conservation action. Sheherazade, Susan M. Tsang. Global Ecology and Conservation Volume 3, January 2015, Pages 324-330 Global Ecology and Conservation. Abstract:  The intense consumption of flying foxes in North Sulawesi, Indonesia has raised hunting pressure and extirpation is expected to spread into other regions. To assess local cultural attitudes towards bats for formulating a targeted conservation campaign, we conducted a survey of consumption practices of bats in 2013 at the eight major markets near Manado. Locals eat flying foxes at least once a month, but the frequency increases tenfold around Christian holidays. Approximately 500 metric tons of bats are imported from other provinces, with South Sulawesi as the main provider at 38%. No action has been taken to conserve the bats, as continued abundance in the market masks the effects of the bushmeat trade on wild populations. We suggest: (1) engaging churches as conduits for environmental education and quota enforcement; (2) legal regulation of interprovincial trade; (3) substituting bats with a sustainable option; (4) involving local students as campaigners to ensure higher receptiveness from local communities. Grassroots conservation initiatives combined with enforcement of existing laws aim to affect change on a local level, which has been successful in other conservation programs. These efforts would not only progress bat conservation, but conservation of other rare, endemic mammals common to the bushmeat trade. [doi]

5. Bats and Emerging Zoonoses: Henipaviruses and SARS. H. E. Field. Abstract: Nearly 75% of all emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that impact or threaten human health are zoonotic. The majority have spilled from wildlife reservoirs, either directly to humans or via domestic animals. The emergence of many can be attributed to predisposing factors such as global travel, trade, agricultural expansion, deforestation/habitat fragmentation, and urbanization; such factors increase the interface and/or the rate of contact between human, domestic animal, and wildlife populations, thereby creating increased opportunities for spillover events to occur. Infectious disease emergence can be regarded as primarily an ecological process. The epidemiological investigation of EIDs associated with wildlife requires a trans-disciplinary approach that includes an understanding of the ecology of the wildlife species, and an understanding of human behaviours that increase risk of exposure. Investigations of the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia in 1999 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China in 2003 provide useful case studies. The emergence of Nipah virus was associated with the increased size and density of commercial pig farms and their encroachment into forested areas. The movement of pigs for sale and slaughter in turn led to the rapid spread of infection to southern peninsular Malaysia, where the high-density, largely urban pig populations facilitated transmission to humans. Identifying the factors associated with the emergence of SARS in southern China requires an understanding of the ecology of infection both in the natural reservoir and in secondary market reservoir species. A necessary extension of understanding the ecology of the reservoir is an understanding of the trade, and of the social and cultural context of wildlife consumption. Emerging infectious diseases originating from wildlife populations will continue to threaten public health. Mitigating and managing the risk requires an appreciation of the connectedness between human, livestock and wildlife health, and of the factors and processes that disrupt the balance. [doi]

6. Detection of novel polyomaviruses in fruit bats in Indonesia. Kobayashi, S., Sasaki, M., Nakao, R. et al. Arch Virol 160, 1075–1082 (2015). Abstract: Bats are an important natural reservoir for a variety of viral pathogens, including polyomaviruses (PyVs). The aims of this study were: (i) to determine which PyVs are present in bats in Indonesia and (ii) to analyze the evolutionary relationships between bat PyVs and other known PyVs. Using broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, we screened PyV DNA isolated from spleen samples from 82 wild fruit bats captured in Indonesia. Fragments of the PyV genome were detected in 10 of the 82 spleen samples screened, and eight full-length viral genome sequences were obtained using an inverse PCR method. A phylogenetic analysis of eight whole viral genome sequences showed that BatPyVs form two distinct genetic clusters within the proposed genus Orthopolyomavirus that are genetically different from previously described BatPyVs. Interestingly, one group of BatPyVs is genetically related to the primate PyVs, including human PyV9 and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated PyV. This study has identified the presence of novel PyVs in fruit bats in Indonesia and provides genetic information about these BatPyVs. [doi]

7. Bat guilds respond differently to habitat loss and fragmentation at different scales in macadamia orchards in South Africa Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Volume 320, 15 October 2021, 107588. Abstract: Bats have been shown to provide successful pest suppression in different land-use systems globally. Recent research demonstrates high economic values of pest suppression by bats also in macadamia orchards, which is enhanced by natural habitat patches at orchard edges. We investigated the impact of the conversion of natural to agricultural (macadamia-dominated) habitats. Using ~65,000 recorded bat call sequences; we studied bat communities in three land use types: a nature reserve, macadamia orchards with and without adjacent natural habitat patches. All study sites are situated on the southern slopes of the Soutpansberg, northern South Africa. Species richness varied significantly between the nature reserve and the macadamia orchards, but did not between orchards with and without neighbouring natural habitat. Within the orchards, activity of edge space foraging (dependent on e.g. forest edges) bats was greater at natural edges, whereas open space aerial foraging species (hunting above canopy) were more active at human-modified edges. Although seven narrow space foraging (i.e. dense vegetation dependent) bat species were identified at both orchard and reserve, this foraging guild occurred more frequently in the nature reserve (2.9–4.1% of all call sequences) than in the orchards (0.5–2.9% of all call sequences). Narrow space foraging bats were thus largely excluded from simplified agricultural landscapes, in particular where natural edge habitats are missing, compared to our natural control. The current trend in conversion of natural habitat in favour of macadamia monocultures, especially if remnant natural patches at orchard boundaries are removed, will have widespread detrimental effects on bat diversity. The resulting reduced biological pest suppression by bats and increased reliance on chemical control may further exacerbate biodiversity declines.

8. [PDF] Keanekaragaman Jenis Kelelawar di Areal Pertambangan PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Unit Pelimanan I Nasihin, N Nurdin, Y Hendrayana, R Chandra… - Logika: Jurnal Penelitian …, 2024 The rate of deforestation and tropical forest fragmentation continues to increase. Bats have an important role in helping the succession of tropical forests that are disturbed due to deforestation and fragmentation. This research aims to determine the diversity …

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