RESIST - Dissemination

XXX SUMMER SCHOOL “Francesco Turco” – Industrial Systems Engineering - 12/09/2025

From September 9th to 12th, 2025, the XXX SUMMER SCHOOL “Francesco Turco” hosted the presentation of a research project titled “A game-based platform for testing Human-in-the-Loop resilience assessment approaches”. The session showcased innovative work carried out by the research group from Sapienza University of Rome, as part of the PRIN RESIST Project.

The presentation introduced a game-based simulation platform designed to evaluate Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop scenarios, with the goal of assessing the resilience of complex cyber-socio-technical systems. This approach enables the analysis of human-machine interaction under stress or disruptive conditions, contributing to the development of more robust and adaptable system architectures.

The event took place in Lecce, Italy, within a session that brought together researchers, and enthusiasts in the field. The discussion fostered valuable exchanges and set the stage for future advancements in industrial engineering and resilience assessment methodologies.

XXIX SUMMER SCHOOL “Francesco Turco” – Industrial Systems Engineering - 12/09/2024

During the dates of September 11th to 13th, 2024, the XXIX SUMMER SCHOOL “Francesco Turco” hosted a presentation titled “Dealing with I5.0 Complexity: Cyber-Socio-Technical Systems Modelling and Analysis”. The event highlighted cutting-edge research led by the research group of the Sapienza University of Rome.

The research investigates the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, with a particular focus on human-machine collaboration, human-centric settings, and cyber-physical systems. By characterizing industrial systems as Cyber-Socio-Technical Systems (CSTS), the study underscores the complex interdependence between cyber-physical technologies, human actors, and organizational structures.

The presentation addressed two pivotal challenges: the modeling of the complexity of CSTS to enhance safety and resilience, and the analysis of these elements within CSTS applications. The findings are intended to facilitate the implementation of Industry 5.0 in contemporary industrial settings, integrating equipment, workers, and the surrounding ecosystem for enhanced operational resilience.

The research was presented in Otranto, Italy. This session brought together experts and enthusiasts in the field, fostering discussions and paving the way for future advancements in industrial engineering.

Presentation ICE - 25/06/2024

During the week of June 24th to 28th, 2024, the research group of the “Università Politecnica delle Marche” presented the research entitled “Emanating Intelligent Mechatronics in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Resilient Approach to Refine the Perceptive and Maturity Fusion of Pneumatically Actuated Control Valves within the Digital Triplet Paradigm”. This presentation was held at the International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Innovation (30th ICE IEEE/ITMC Conference).

The research examines the concept of a balanced equilibrium between automation, mechatronics, and human. In particular, the research takes into account the resilience aspects of any mechatronic systems (entities capable to act or detect system behaviors to further develops decision-making in the process system). Then, the research focuses on the use of smart sensing, predictive analytics, and prescriptive techniques to collect and analyze real-time operational data. These findings have been used to explore the gap between data-driven models and empirical observation by enhancing the digital maturity of these systems. Therefore, the research has been concentrated on the Oil & Gas industry. For illustrative purposes, the case study is based on a pneumatically actuated control valve within the digital triplet paradigm. This comprehensive integration, guided by cyber-physical principles and predictive analytics, has the potential to enhance the resilience of the system. Finally, the results proposed the deployment of a machine learning solution based on a random forest regressor to construct real-time soft sensors for valves on cloud platforms.

The research was presented at the VidaMar conference center in Madeira (Portugal) during the regular session 103 of the Digital Transformation Week.

Past events

Visiting to the Ancona's Lab - 07/06/2024

On June 7th, 2024, the research team of "Alma Mater Studiorium Università di Bologna" visited the laboratory of "Università Politecnica delle Marche" in Ancona. Both research teams carried out measurements of the laboratory and the system to set the reference points and obtain the data useful for defining the volume control for the Human DT model. During the visit, the research team also carried out some tests to record the data collected by the sensors in the suit. This visit plays a crucial role in refining the parameters of the Human DT model. This preliminary results are promising and indicate that our approach is well aligned with the projected results.

The research teams are planning additional sessions to test the suit's sensors in various operational environments. These tests are designed to assess the suit's adaptability and performance under different conditions, which is essential to the versatility of the Human DT model.

Kickoff meeting - 02/10/2023 (virtual)

In October 2th, 2023, the research group of La Sapienza University of Rome hosted the telematic kick-off meeting for the RESIST project, which is part of the MUR initiative "Progetti di Rilevanti Interesse Nazionale (PRIN)". The meeting brought together delegates from the University of Bologna and from Università Politecnica delle Marche. The meeting was instrumental to lay the groundwork for mutual cooperation and a shared vision for the RESIST project's mission.

The objective of the meeting was to delve into the potential synergies and opportunities for integration of the diverse project objectives. The initial design steps for the main project were discussed and set in motion among the research groups. The RESIST kick-off marked the first milestone in the project, to develop knowledge exchanges and confirming the roadmap for the next collective endeavors.

Technical reports

D1000B: Interim report

The RESIST interim report outlines the activities carried out during the first year of the project, which aims to develop a digital twin simulation environment to assess the resilience of industrial socio-technical systems against cyber-attacks. The report details the definition of the experimental system, the application of STPA for risk identification, the development of both the physical and human digital twins, and their future integration into a Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop (HHIL) model. Experimental tests were conducted, and predictive models were developed using machine learning techniques. The human digital twin was created using motion capture technology. The report also introduces critical simulation scenarios and the resilience metrics that will be adopted in the next phase of the project.

D1000C: Final report

Under development.

D2000A: Theories and techniques approaches to model the present Cyber-Socio-Technical Systems (CSTSs)

This report delves into the complexities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), highlighting their combination of technical-operational and social-organizational elements as Cyber-Socio-Technical Systems (CSTS). The report emphasizes their development, uses, and the crucial impact of cyber-physical measures and safety limitations. Besides conventional data violations, cybersecurity now includes concerns about possible alterations to physical systems, leading to losses. The challenges are discussed in the report, providing guidance on how to enhance the safety in the industrial cyber-physical systems during Industry 5.0. Therefore, the report encompasses control theory, resilience, and information flow modeling approaches, as main approaches to model and explore the present CSTSs.

D2000C: Enhancing cyber-resilience in the CSTSs

This report examines the critical domain of cyber-physical attacks within industrial settings. The report begins by exposing the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and the cyber-treats. Then, it analyses resilience and cyber-resilience as potent strategies to combat cyber-physical threats. A scoping review of existing literature reveals effective approaches. Finally, the report proposes resilience metrics tailored for the RESIST project. This research bridges the gap between physical vulnerabilities and cyber risks contributing to the safety and security in the industrial systems against unexpected events.

D5000A: Integration of the digital models

This report presents the integration of the digital twins (DTs) of an experimental industrial plant and its human operator, forming a Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop (HHIL) system. It details the modeling of both the cyber-physical and human DTs, the technologies used (e.g., motion capture), and the methodology for synchronizing their interactions. Two critical cyber-attack scenarios were simulated to assess system behavior and operator response. The integration enables dynamic simulations that reflect real-time human intervention, enhancing the realism and accuracy of resilience assessments. A MATLAB-based framework was developed to merge human and system data, allowing for the generation of performance profiles under varying conditions. These profiles support the evaluation of system resilience using area-based metrics.

D6000A: The redesign actions on the experimental plant and the multi-scenario analysis

This report presents the development of a multi-scenario simulation framework aimed at identifying and validating redesign actions to enhance the resilience of the experimental plant. Building on the integration of the physical and human digital twins, the analysis compares expert and novice operator responses to cyber-physical attack scenarios, highlighting differences in detection and recovery times. Methods such as Dynamic Time Warping and targeted time series trimming are introduced to improve the accuracy of the calculated resilience metrics. The report concludes with a set of redesign actions, categorized by implementation effort and actor type (technical system, human operator, or organization), offering practical strategies to strengthen the system’s ability to respond effectively to disruptive events.

D6000B: Guideline handbook and stakeholder feedback

This report consolidates the redesign actions identified in D6000A with insights from a stakeholder survey involving academic and industrial participants. It presents the RESIST guideline handbook, which includes the project’s methodology, key resilience KPIs, and open-access datasets. The guidelines are designed for practical implementation, featuring examples in infographic and to-do list formats. The survey results confirm broad interest in resilience strategies, the feasibility of technologies such as human digital twins and mixed reality, and the need for accessible tools to support decision-making. A pyramid model is proposed to prioritize redesign actions, ranging from foundational technical improvements to advanced strategies like parallel digital twins for cybersecurity.

Conference proceedings

Research presented at the SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing by Basilici Menini L., Mazzuto G., Pietrangeli I., entitled "A Dual-Layer Digital Twin Approach for Anomaly Detection in the Oil and Gas Sector"
Research presented at the SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing by Simone, F., Montaruli, A., Di Gravio, G., Patriarca, R., entitled "AI-aided STPA-Sec for managing cyber security in industrial plants - an ontological approach"
Research presented at the SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing by Bortolini, M., Di Gravio, G., Ferrari, E., Galizia, F. G., Gamberi, M., Giannone, E., Mazzuto, G., Patriarca, R., Simone, F., entitled "The RESIST project (RESilience management to Industrial Systems Threats): quantifying resilience in industrial plants exposed to cyber attacks"
Research presented at the XXX Summer School "Francesco Turco" - Industrial Systems Engineering by Simone, F., Tronci, M., entitled "A game-based platform for testing Human-in-the-Loop resilience assessment approaches"
Research presented at the International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing 2024 by Bortolini, M., Ferrari, E., Gamberi, M., Galizia, F. G., Giannone, E. entitled "A Human-Digital Twin model to track human motion in an experimental Cyber-Socio-Technical System"
Research presented at the International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing 2024 by Nakhal Akel, A. J., Simone, F., Stefana, E., Fedele, L., Patriarca, R. entitled "System-theoretic analysis for the identification of emerging risk in Cyber-Physical systems"
Research presented at the European STAMP Workshop & Conference 2024 by Simone F., Nakhal Akel A. J., Lombardi M., Di Gravio G., Patriarca R. entitled "Human-Hardware In the Loop (HHIL) STAMP-based simulations to model cyber-physical complexity in experimental high-risk plants"
Research presented at the XXIX AIDI Summer School "Francesco Turco" by Nakhal Akel, A. J., Simone, F., Lombardi, M., Costantino, F., Di Gravio, G., Tronci, M., Bortolini, M., Mazzuto, G., Patriarca, R. entitled "Dealing with I5.0 complexity: cyber-socio-technical systems modelling and analysis"
Research presented at the 30th ICE IEEE/ITMC Conference by Alimam, H., Mazzuto, G., Ortenzi, M., Paciarotti, C., Ciarpica, F. E., Bevilacqua, M. entitled "Emanating Intelligent Mechatronics in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Resilient Approach to Refine the Perceptive and Maturity Fusion of Pneumatically Actuated Control Valves within the Digital Triplet Paradigm"

Publications

Simone F., Bortolini M., Mazzuto G., Di Gravio G., Patrarca R., 2025, Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations for systemic resilience assessment in cyber-socio-technical systems, pre-print available at https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06657 (under review)
Basilici Menini L., Mazzuto G., Pietrangeli I., 2025, A Dual-Layer Digital Twin Approach for Anomaly Detection in the Oil and Gas Sector, SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing, Catania, Italy
Simone, F., Montaruli, A., Di Gravio, G., Patriarca, R., 2025, AI-aided STPA-Sec for managing cyber security in industrial plants - an ontological approach, SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing, Catania, Italy
Bortolini, M., Di Gravio, G., Ferrari, E., Galizia, F. G., Gamberi, M., Giannone, E., Mazzuto, G., Patriarca, R., Simone, F., 2025, The RESIST project (RESilience management to Industrial Systems Threats): quantifying resilience in industrial plants exposed to cyber attacks, SDM-2025 12th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing, Catania, Italy
Simone, F., Tronci, M., 2025, A game-based platform for testing Human-in-the-Loop resilience assessment approaches, XXX Summer School "Francesco Turco" - Industrial Systems Engineering, Lecce, Italy
Mazzuto G., Pietrangeli I., Ortenzi M., Ciarapica F. E., Bevilacqua M., 2025, Leveraging Digital Twin for operational resilience in the oil and gas industry, 2025, Array, Volume 27, September 2025, 100443
Bortolini, M., Ferrari, E., Gamberi, M., Galizia, F. G., Giannone, E., 2024, A Human-Digital Twin model to track human motion in an experimental Cyber-Socio-Technical System, 6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, 20 - 22 November 2024, Prague (Czech Republic)
Nakhal Akel, A. J., Simone, F., Stefana, E., Fedele, L., Patriarca, R., 2024, System-theoretic analysis for the identification of emerging risk in Cyber-Physical systems, 6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, 20 - 22 November 2024, Prague (Czech Republic)
Pietrangeli I., Mazzuto G., Ciarapica F. E., Bevilacqua M., 2024, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin for Effective Risk Management in an experimental plant, 36 European Modeling & Simulation Symposium and 21 International Multidisciplinary Modeling & Simulation Multiconference, Tenerife, Spain, 18-20 September 2024
Alimam, H., Mazzuto, G., Ortenzi, M., Paciarotti, C., Ciarpica, F. E., Bevilacqua, M., 2024, Emanating Intelligent Mechatronics in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Resilient Approach to Refine the Perceptive and Maturity Fusion of Pneumatically Actuated Control Valves within the Digital Triplet Paradigm, 30th ICE IEEE/ITMC Conference, 24-28 June, 2024, Madeira (Portugal)
Nakhal Akel, A. J., Simone, F., Lombardi, M., Costantino, F., Di Gravio, G., Tronci, M., Bortolini, M., Mazzuto, G., Patriarca, R., 2024, Dealing with I5.0 complexity: cyber-socio-technical systems modelling and analysis, XXIX AIDI Summer School "Francesco Turco", 11-13 September 2024, Otranto (Italy)

Page updated

Report abuse