The course will introduce the varieties of metazoan invertebrates to the students. Emphasis will be given to the integrated system which exists in the organisms including biological aspects and structural adaptation. Similarity and different characteristics of different organisms will also be discussed. The focus will be given to Porifera, Cnidaria, the worms, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Echinodermata. The lesser protostomes and lophophorate animals will also be discussed
The purpose of this course is to widely understand the phenomena of developmental biology. Lecture starts with exposure to the history of research in developmental biology. Animal development process will be discussed starts from gametogenesis until events during, before and after fertilization. Students will be exposed to detail developmental process after fertilization involving animal model such as frog and chicken. Knowledge in animal model embryo development will be compared to human embryo development. Artificial reproductive technology will also be introduced to understand the reproduction process and developmental biology in order to manipulate for human benefit. In addition, student will be exposed to research related to ethical and moral. Lectures are supported with five practical classes regarding to development of three animal groups, i.e., amphibian (frogs), birds (chicken), and mammalian (mice).
Various pathogens of public health importance will be discussed. Examples of infectious agents such as virus, bacteria, protozoa and helminthes that can be a threat to human health will be discussed from the aspects of infection, life cycles, mode of transmission and symptoms of diseases. Basic concepts on the pathogenesis of infectious disease will be discussed too. The course also emphasizes control strategies such as proper sanitation, personal hygiene and other measures to prevent infection.
This course will discuss the habit and role of insect in an ecology perspective. The discussion on the ecological aspects that cover the insect growth, development, survival, reproduction, role of host, abiotic and biotic factors, adaptation, genetic variation, life support system and distribution pattern in nature and for application perspective will be heavily emphasized. The concept of insects in ecosystem, diversity and tropic structure, role as decomposer, pollinator, vector and the dynamic and regulator of insect pest population will also be discussed. The diversity and conservation aspects with examples of highly valuable insects ecologically, economically, medicinal importance and aesthetic as well as those protected species will be discussed.
This course discusses the effect of different abiotic factors on the adaptation of terrestrial organisms. Emphasize is on distribution and abundance of population and community of organisms, the importance of dispersion on plants and animals population, methods and management of their dispersion, the structure of habitats, adaptation and natural selection, plants and animals defense systems, herbivory ecology, interaction mechanisms and natural selection. The structure and functions of biological community and as well analyses and biological collection are discussed.
Each student majoring in biology will be attached to selected laboratories in hospital, research institutions, government departments or industry for 24 weeks to increase experience related to their career in biology. During training, the student will be directly supervised by the officer from the attached training site. At the end of the training, each student needs to complete a written report on training experience and present it orally to the training site department and also examiner from UKM. With this training, students will be exposed to a biological field related to their scopes in real working nature.
This course will discuss on the principles of Integrated Insect Pest Management (IPM). The importance components that ensure the success of IPM like basic biology, ecology, insect behavior, biotic and abiotic factors, types of damage, economic threshold levels, monitoring, sampling, strategies and techniques of pest control that are environmental friendly using biological control agents (predators, parasitoids, pathogens and microbial insecticides) will be discussed. Students will also be introduced to the concept of on-line and modeling development for ‘Integrated Pest Management Program’ (IPM), and how best to implement (including on aspect of agricultural law) and evaluate as well as socially, politically and environmentally acceptable in a borderless economic era. The law of pesticide development, usage and selling and aspect of insect quarantine will also be discussed. Additionally, students will be introduced to what the biotechnology methods and techniques can contribute to the progress and success of IPM. At the end of the course students are required to develop an IPM for latest three species of major insect pests of their selected crops.