Abstract:

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis and theoretical substantiation of innovative forms of differentiated learning for high school students within the system of military training in the subject «Defense of Ukraine». The relevance of the study is determined by current security challenges, the need to strengthen the country’s defense capability, and the ongoing digital transformation of the educational environment, which requires modernization of approaches to pre-conscription training of youth.

The paper reveals the essence of the differentiated approach as an effective tool for individualizing the learning process, taking into account students’ physical, psycho-emotional, and cognitive characteristics, as well as their prior experience and professional orientation. The expediency of transitioning from a traditional unified model of teaching to flexible educational trajectories is substantiated. These trajectories are implemented through level-based differentiation of content (basic, advanced, and specialized levels) and the use of modern pedagogical technologies. Particular attention is paid to blended learning as a tool for combining face-to-face and дистанційні formats, which enhances students’ autonomy and optimizes instructional time.

The effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in ensuring theoretical preparation and freeing up classroom time for practical activities is emphasized. The potential of simulation technologies is analyzed, including the use of VR/AR tools, interactive simulators, and virtual shooting ranges, which enable the modeling of combat situations of varying complexity and the development of tactical competencies in a safe environment. It is established that the application of such innovations increases students’ motivation, fosters critical thinking, and develops decision-making skills under stress. The importance of the competence-based approach, gender equality, and inclusivity in the process of military training is highlighted, ensuring equal access to educational opportunities for all learners. It is generalized that the implementation of differentiated learning based on innovative forms contributes to the creation of an adaptive educational environment focused on the development of each student’s individual potential.

The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of modern approaches to organizing differentiated learning in the military training of high school students, taking into account the digitalization of education. The practical significance of the study consists in the possibility of applying the proposed methodological solutions by teachers of the subject «Defense of Ukraine» to enhance the effectiveness of the educational process and improve the quality of training of future defenders of the state.

Keywords: differentiated learning; innovative learning forms; military training; high school students; Defense of Ukrain.

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