Overview of General Research 

Female sexual response is influenced by various factors, including physiological, behavioral, social, and cultural elements. The DSM-5 categorizes female sexual dysfunction (FSD) into three main disorders: female sexual interest/arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder, and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, as well as categories common to both genders such as substance/drug-induced and other unspecified subsets [19]. Diagnosing FSD requires a thorough history and clinical evaluation to exclude comorbidities [19]. Treatment is complex and long-term, involving pharmacological, psychological, and behavioral therapies for both partners [19]. According to a 2012 study, healthy women scored higher on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) than infertile women [19]. Therefore, infertile women face a higher risk of lower sexual functioning compared with healthy women. However, although it contains a lower risk of FSD among healthy women, they also have the probability of experiencing a certain type of FSD [4]. The study found that having a highly educated spouse, being older, self-reported sadness, secondary infertility, and lower educational levels were risk factors for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) [19].