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1. Calculate theoretical yield
1. Calculate theoretical yield
a. TAs will provide a starting volume of t-pentanol (ROH)
between 0.80-1.20 mL ROH
b. Use that value to calculate the theoretical mass of product, t-pentyl chloride (RCl)
determine limiting reagent (reagent with fewest moles present in solution at start of reaction)
convert moles of limiting reagent to moles of product using molar ratio from the balanced equation
Theoretical Yield
Theoretical Yield
2. Use water to check conical vial for leaks
2. Use water to check conical vial for leaks
Lots of mix, vent, repeat steps! Good to make sure the septum for the vial lid won't fail.
There's no flex tape if your conical vial leaks, so check the septum before use!
watercheck.mp43. Add t-pentanol (ROH) + HCl
3. Add t-pentanol (ROH) + HCl
rxn_setup_1.mp4
a. Use Pasteur pipets and a pluringe to transfer reagents directly into conical vial
careful not to cross-contaminate!
b. Cap the vial and let the mixture stand for a minute
a. 1-mL pluringe
a. 1-mL pluringe
b. 3-mL pluringe
b. 3-mL pluringe
Least count & ILE
Least count & ILE
Determine the least count and ILE for both pluringes shown above. Write down the volumes measured ± ILE, for both ROH and HCl, on your data & observations worksheet.
Determine the least count and ILE for both pluringes shown above. Write down the volumes measured ± ILE, for both ROH and HCl, on your data & observations worksheet.
(Ex. if volume measured = 4 mL and ILE = 1 mL, reported value 4 ± 1 mL)
Instrument limit of error (ILE) is equal to the least count of the measuring device, or a fraction thereof (ILE = least count x fraction)
least count = volume represented by smallest graduation marks
fraction = 1 if the smallest graduation marks are close together
fraction = 1/2 if you can estimate half-way between the smallest graduation marks (visually)
Discuss:
Discuss:
Why are the ILE measurements (for equipment without digital displays) dependent on the user?
4. Mix, vent, repeat!
4. Mix, vent, repeat!
rxn_setup_2.mp4Reaction Action!
Reaction Action!
a. Carefully shake the mixture with occasional venting in the fume hood.
The mixture should not leak but be careful not to over-tighten the cap. As pressure builds, it will be harder to open.
b. Allow 3-4 minutes for the two phases to completely separate.
point the vial away from your face while you vent gas buildup
Discuss:
Discuss:
The density of t-Pentyl chloride is 0.866 g/mL at room temp. Which layer is aqueous?
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