I have grown to love the enigmatic marine organisms that lived in the oceans some 540 million years ago. Most interesting out of these are the trilobites. The widespread geographical distribution and large temporal range (300 Ma) of the trilobites makes them suitable to understand the critical issues of early life. Even though these organisms lived through and dominated most of the Paleozoic Era (540-255 Ma), they unfortunately fell victim to the most extreme mass extinction events of the Earth’s history known as the Permian-Triassic extinction (~250 Ma). But this only makes it more interesting to study their evolutionary patterns over their most populous phase, the lower Paleozoic.