Analysis of some pieces of iconography which depict Satan
William Blake was able to capture very well the essence of Satan as a romantic hero from John Milton's work. This work is very far from the mythical concept of Satan as a goat. It can be seen how the concept of God and sin is not the orthodox one. We can observe the two forms of Satan that are also represented in Milton's work.
In the first, Satan is represented as a mythological hero with his spear and shield. As in the hero topic, he is fighting a monster, in this case, the snake, to save a lady, Eve. What makes us distinguish Satan are his great wings and his angelic condition.
In the second representation of Satan, we see the figure of the serpent represented in Milton's work. The serpent has caught Eve after offering her the forbidden apple.
At the bottom of the work, you can see the flames that symbolize hell.
The Dukes of Osuna bought this work and others that represent the irrational beliefs of Spanish society. So even though it seems like a terrifying scene, it is actually a satire against superstition.
When you look at the work the first thing you see are those big red eyes as if they were on fire. Then we see that it is a goat. But this goat does not look like a human condition, as it is sitting stretching a leg. Although it is not human because it is much larger than any human. Therefore, we already know that we are before Satan.
In the moonlight, a group of witches who have kidnapped some children offer them to Satan as an offering. On the left is a triad of children who were prey and are now waste.
Jean-Jacques Feuchère created this 13-inch bronze sculpture during the height of French Romanticism. The sculpture represents a Satan who rebelled against God and was expelled from heaven.
Satan is sitting wrapped between his great wings pensive after his fall. In one hand he holds a broken sword and in the other, he supports his head. Here Satan has been defeated and therefore he is angry and full of rage. It is an emphasis on feeling. It could be said that it is a personification since it shows feelings that only humans can have, such as anger, pain, defeat, impotence etc.
Gustave Doré created this print to accompany the text “Me miserable! Which way shall I fly, infinite wrath, and infinite despair?” of Book IV of John Milton's Paradise Lost. We could say that it is one of the works in which the tormented atmosphere of the poem has best been captured. Paradise Lost describes the fall of Adam and Eve by the work of Lucifer, who seeks revenge on God through his most beloved work, the human being. And this is exactly what we can see in the image. A defeated angel, looking desperate. A hand on his head as a symbol of doom and with his feet on the ground because he can no longer fly. We also see how this fallen angel is lost on the edge of the cliff. The dark light of the work gives that atmosphere of endless dark feelings.
Jackson Pollock takes a step beyond the avant-garde of the twentieth century, bringing the demonic concept to abstract art. In this work, the terror and existential crisis of man are represented. In the picture only lines and spots are observed there is no human figure or any other aspect. We can find green and red or ocher tones between the black spots. But maybe the green tones represent Eden and the red ones represent Satan and the forbidden fruit.
This concept has been created through the dripping technique. In this technique, the author starts from the base of an idea or mental sketch and begins to pour paint directly from the pot into a large canvas.
It is an American television series, based on the comic series with the same name from the 1960s. In this series appear the two versions perhaps best known to represent Satan.
On the one hand, we have an angelic-looking Satan who has just been condemned by God, very similar to the one in Milton's work. He has an attractive appearance with brown eyes and hair. Where this fallen angel used to have wings, now there are two great wounds. God has torn off his wings and with it, his pride has been wounded. Therefore, as in Milton's work, he feels helplessness and tries to destroy the greatest creation of God, the human being. On the other hand, it also represents Satan as a goat. This could be compared to Goya's painting “El Aquelarre”, a goat worshipped by witches who offered it sacrifices. The goat is represented as a humanoid figure with large horns and eyes in which doom or hell can be seen.
Iconographic Analysis
For centuries and decades, many artists have made their own representations of Satan. By researching and analyzing various of these representations, we have realized that perhaps the most widely used form of representing Satan is the work of Doré.
We could say that it is one of the works in which the tormented atmosphere of the poem has best been captured. Paradise Lost describes the fall of Adam and Eve by the work of Lucifer, who seeks revenge on God through his most beloved work, the human being. And this is exactly what we can see in the image. A defeated angel, looking desperate. A hand on his head as a symbol of doom and with his feet on the ground because he can no longer fly. We also see how this fallen angel is lost on the edge of the cliff. The dark light of the work gives that atmosphere of endless dark feelings. Many artists following this pattern in an angelic way have made their versions. For example, the artist William Blake was able to capture the essence of Satan as a romantic hero from John Milton's work. Not only has Satan been represented in this way in painting but also other techniques such as sculpture. For example, in the sculpture of Jean-Jacques.
At present, the angelic Satan is also represented in series and movies. For example, in the series Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, an angelic-shaped Satan is seen whom God has condemned and torn off his wings.
But two other representations are repeated throughout history. On the one hand, we have the snake. It is a much larger snake than normal ones. The vast majority of times tempting a human with forbidden fruit. On the other hand, we have the figure of the goat. With big horns and flaming eyes. With a supernatural appearance.
Although there are representations that have nothing to do with this pattern. Take Jackson Pollock's "Lucifer" for example.
To finish we can say that these three types of representation, although they are very different, have things in common. They give off an atmosphere of dark feelings and have a supernatural aspect.