Naming Nobody

In Book 9 of The Odyssey, the inner reflection of Odysseus, who sees himself as a hero with outstanding qualities, is shown when Odysseys says, “I am Odysseus, son of Laertes, renowned among mankind for all manner of subtlety, so that my fame ascends to heaven.” (9.21-22). Odysseus’ storytelling represents a strategic decision to describe himself as intelligent and brave to receive help from the Phaeacians on his return home to Ithaca. By portraying himself as a great man who can overcome obstacles, Odysseus gains the favor of his hosts and persuades them of his merit. 

Violation of Xenia

Odysseus’ encounter with Polyphemus highlights how the traditional relationship between host and guest can be violated. In ancient Greece, the hosts have a responsibility toward their guests, which does not exist in many places in the modern world. Polyphemus calls out Odysseus for being a thief, “Out on a trading spree or roving the waves like pirates, sea-wolves raiding at will, who risk their lives to plunder other men?” (9.286-288). However, due to the ideas of xenia, he does not immediately attack or defend his own herd. However, when he learns Odysseus was “punished” by Polyphmus, he no longer feels he must follow social norms. He becomes more agitated after realizing that Odysseus and his men are there to steal from him. Odyssey shatters any potential host-guest relationship because he does not see the Cyclopses as equals. He proves this by first stealing from Polyphemus and then making demands of him despite already rejecting his responsibilities as a guest. Asking for hospitality after stealing shows that Odysseus is arrogant and unwilling to accept his flaws.