Exploring the stigma surrounding leprosy and how that led to it becoming a highly racialized disease, I knew that this was a topic I wanted to further research. When COVID-19 outbreaks first began, panic developed in many Western nations, with a large number of people stigmatizing and blaming Chinese people as a group for bringing the disease to America. Thousands of hate crimes have erupted since then, with the media just now calling more attention to these atrocities. As a Chinese American myself, I feel very strongly about these injustices and feel inclined to research the criminalization of specific groups and its association to disease throughout history.
Living through the COVID-19 pandemic for over a year now, all of us have experienced feelings of confusion, fear, and isolation. Beginning March 2020 when the stay-at-home order was first introduced in most of America, we left our schools and workplaces, not knowing how long we would be gone for. As masks became mandated and people began to realize the severity of the pandemic, we quickly became uneasy, rushing to stores to buy out their stock of hand sanitizer amongst other products. While in quarantine, many of us have dealt with separation and loss of loved ones.
Last quarter when Professor Imada lectured about Hansen's disease, commonly known as leprosy, providing insight into the incarceration and animalization of lepers, I immediately drew connections to COVID-19. Not only was the disease itself fascinating to me, but so was the fact that those affected were exiled to a place thousands of miles away from their homes, against their will, and often remained there for the rest of their lives. I cannot imagine being forcibly separated from everything that I know solely because of a disease that the public fears and stigmatizes. While COVID-19 victims may not experience the same incarceration that leprosy victims experienced in the 19th century, isolation from family and friends remains a unifying theme.
For my research project, I have chosen an excerpt from Ted Gugelyk and Milton Bloombaum's book, Ma'I Ho'Oka'Awale: The Separating Sickness, as my primary source. This book features background on leprosy and the Kalaupapa settlements located on the island of Molokai, along with interviews with leprosy survivors who have lived out their lives in confinement. These particular excerpts stood out to me because they were extremely personal and emotional. Hearing stories from the people who lived through it, and not just accounts from historians adds an element of depth. Additionally, I can trust that this is a reliable primary source, not modified by outside perspectives or opinions. This source allows for further understanding into the criminalization of a specific group of people (Native Hawaiians) in the context of global disease.
With this as my primary source, I hope to expand into the following topics:
Dehumanization and animalization of disease victims
Racial stigma surrounding disease
Western misconceptions and reactions to diseases
Criminalization of minority groups
Other stigmatized diseases (e.g. HIV and AIDS)