Introduction

Climate change is one of the most popular topics in the 21st century, and the resulting global warming is having a negative impact on the global environment. Drought and rising temperatures are also affecting changes in forest ecosystems. According to numerous studies, a warmer and drier climate will increase the occurrence of forest fires, and this change will accelerate the rate of vegetation transfer and reduce biospheric carbon storage (Stocks et al., 1998; Stocks, 1993; Kasischke et al., 1995; Kurz and Apps, 1995; Shvidenko et al., 1996; Stocks et al., 1996). Ultimately, this changing trend will disrupt the carbon balance that has formed in boreal ecosystems, which may lead to a positive feedback loop between fire and climate change in boreal ecosystems (Stocks et al., 1998; Kurz et al., 1995). Most of Canada's forest areas belong to boreal forest ecosystems, whose ecological function and structure are always disturbed by fire. Scientists have predicted the likelihood of future fires in boreal forest ecosystems. For example, wotton et al. (2010) used general circulation models (GCMs) to predict future fire occurrences in Canada. The results have shown that the incidence of fire will increase by 25% to 75%, and may even increase to 140% by the end of the century (Wotton et al., 2010). Therefore, in the future, the possibility of forest fires will greatly increase.

Forest fire is an important natural disturbance in forest ecosystem, which plays an important role in forest succession and forest health. In Canada, wildfire management has always been an important part of forest management. Therefore, in Canada, the relationship between the occurrence of forest fires and climate change needs further data support. In addition, managers argue that not all wildfires should be contained and that forest agencies should aim to harness the power of natural fires to exploit their ecological benefits while limiting their potential damage and costs (Natural Resources Canada 2022). Small fires can be used to improve the composition and structure of forest ecosystems, but large fires can cause loss of life and property of residents living near forests. Therefore, when studying the relationship between the occurrence of Canadian fires and climate change, it is also necessary to study the areas where large-scale fires occur, so as to give more warnings to residents living near forests.