After completing her medical degree Marthe was awarded an internship at the Paris Hospitals an amazing achievement for a woman at the time. It was there where she worked under Professor Robert Debré who was the head of pediatrics at the time. He offered her a 1-year scholarship to Harvard where she studied child cardiology (Gautier and Harper 2009). In addition to her scholarship work at Harvard, she ventured into the field of cell cultures after receiving a part-time job working in a cell-culture laboratory. It was here that Gautier learned the valuable skills of examining cultures under microscopes, photographing them, and developing these photographs that would be useful later in her discovery of trisomy 21. After returning to France, Gautier found that she had been replaced at her old job. This led her to take a job with Professor Raymond Turpin. It was working under Turpin where Marthe made her discovery of an extra chromosome in patients with down syndrome. Unfortunately, however, Jérôme Lejuene is credited with this discovery as Gautier passed on her work to him to be photographed and he seized the opportunity to take the work and claim it as his own.