Human genetics

To study Down syndrome, Marthe Gautier founded the first laboratory for cell culture in France (Gilgenkrantz and Rivera 2003). Additionally,  in 1958 she discovered that children with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes with an extra copy of chromosome 21 instead of 46 chromosomes that normal people have (Pain 2014). Therefore, Marthe Gautier discovered that trisomy 21 is the cause of Down syndrome.