The flipped classroom is an instructional approach that reverses the traditional teaching method. In a traditional classroom, students typically receive instruction from the teacher during class time and then complete assignments or homework on their own outside of class. In a flipped classroom, this approach is flipped:

• Pre-Class Learning: Students are assigned to review instructional materials before coming to class. This can include watching pre-recorded video lectures, reading textbooks, or using online resources. These materials provide the foundational knowledge on the topic.

• In-Class Activities: During class time, the focus shifts from teacher-led lectures to active learning. Students engage in discussions, problem-solving, group activities, and hands-on projects. The teacher serves as a facilitator, helping students apply and deepen their understanding of the material.

• Student-Centered Learning: Students take on a more active role in their education, as they are expected to come to class prepared and ready to engage in meaningful activities.

• In-Class Interaction: The classroom becomes a space for interaction, collaboration, and deeper exploration of the subject matter, rather than a place for passive listening.

• Flexible Learning: Students have the flexibility to review pre-class materials at their own pace, which can cater to different learning styles.

• Individualized Support: With more class time available for one-on-one or small-group interaction with the teacher, students can receive individualized support and clarification on concepts they find challenging.

• Assessment and Feedback: Formative assessment is often integrated into the in-class activities, allowing teachers to provide immediate feedback and adjust instruction accordingly.

• Technology Integration: Flipped classrooms often make use of digital resources, such as video lectures, online quizzes, and discussion forums to support pre-class learning.