Welcome to Day 2!
Today we focus on the second aspect of 5 phases in any architecture project: Design Development!
Learn how an architect takes a sketch and adds detail to make it a reality!
Phase 2: Design Development
After the Schematic Design Process comes Design Development. In this phase, Schematic Design Plans are taken a step further and are developed, incorporating details, thicknesses, materials, bringing consultants on board, and verification of components before the Construction Document phase.
For example, during Schematic Design you may draw a wall, in Design Development you define that wall with thicknesses, and during Construction Documentation, you incorporate that wall into your computer files for final documentation.
Design Development is also the phase where you bring in consultants to help with the project. For instance, this is when you start working with engineers to help design the structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Depending on the size and type of the project, additional consultants may be added to the team like Interior Designers and Landscape Architects among others.
Project 1: Modeling
In between sketching concepts and finished buildings architects like to build models to give people a better idea of what the final building will look like. This allows them another opportunity to make adjustments to their designs that will better serve the purpose of the project. Rethinking the Future has compiled 15 sketches from famous architects and the photos of the iconic buildings that they became. Visit the link below, then pick your favorites and using your modeling clay from yesterday, see if you can build a model that would take the sketch to the completed building. We’d love to see your work, so feel free to take a picture and share it!
If your bridge couldn’t hold the pennies, or didn’t for very long, you might want to think about the internal and external forces that should be considered in bridge building.
The 4 basic internal forces that act on a bridge and have to considered when building one are:
Compression: Pushing force. When a bridge fails, due to this force, it is called buckling. Usually the shorter the piece that is compressed, the more compression it can withstand.
Tension: Pulling force. Unlike compression, tension causes the materials to want to expand. If using word, for instance, tension should be applied with the grain and not perpendicular
Torsion: Twisting force. Like wringing a wet cloth. In high winds, particularly in a suspension bridge, the wind may cause the structure to want to twist like a wave.
Shear: Side moving force. Shear stress occurs when two parts of a structure are moved in opposite directions. Shear force can rip bridge materials in half. As an example, if you drove a long stake halfway into the ground and then apply lateral force against the side of the upper portion of the stake, with sufficient pressure, the stake would break in half. This is a shear force in action.
There are also 2 external forces to keep in mind when building a bridge:
Static (dead) load: The weight of the bridge itself. Like any other structure, a bridge has a tendency to collapse simply because of the gravitational forces acting on the materials of which the bridge is made.
Dynamic (live) load: Traffic that moves across the bridge as well as normal environmental factors such as changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and extreme environmental factors such as natural disasters.
Bridge Elasticity
Different Bridges are made of different materials and every type of material has a certain elasticity. Elasticity is the ability to change shape while a force is acting on it. And then move back to its original shape. Additionally, every material has a certain limit of how far its shape can be altered before there is permanent damage.
This elasticity allows for different parts of a bridge to experience stress, without breaking and in turn hold up the bridge as a result of a normal force. This is one of the reasons that bridges are made from different materials depending on the forces that will be impacting the bridge.
Using all this information, design, build and test a second bridge.
After completing your second bridge build and test, take a look at the worksheet below to learn more about the different kinds of bridges.
Downtown Tulsa Virtual Architecture Tour - "The Roaring Twenties"
Tiny Home Project: Day 2
Take your sketch home plan from Day 1 and produce additional details such as adding wall thicknesses, interior elevation sketches of possible locations of building components. Sketch detailed ideas of location of lights, switches, receptacles, artwork, etc. Call out specific materials. Sketch out all the things you would want inside.
