回答吧！ChatGPT

01: ChatGPT 答錯 😢

02: The query 

SELECT FNAME
FROM FRUIT
WHERE QTY > 0
ORDER BY QTY DESC

retrieves the fruit names from the FRUIT table where the quantity in stock is greater than 0, and sorts the results in descending order of quantity.

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Fruits are listed in descending order of the quantity in stock. The ORDER BY clause with QTY DESC indicates that the results should be sorted in descending order of quantity, which means that the fruits with the highest quantity in stock will be listed first.

Option A is incorrect because the query does not sort the fruits in descending order of fruit name. 

Option B is incorrect because the query sorts the fruits in descending order of quantity, not ascending order. 

Option C is incorrect because the query sorts the fruits in descending order of quantity, not ascending order of fruit name.

Follow-up question: What would happen if I removed the WHERE clause from the query?

If you remove the WHERE QTY > 0 clause from the query, the query would retrieve all rows from the FRUIT table, including those with a quantity of 0 or less. The ORDER BY clause would still sort the results in descending order of quantity, but the results would include all fruits, regardless of whether they have any stock or not.

Therefore, the query SELECT FNAME FROM FRUIT ORDER BY QTY DESC would list all fruits in descending order of quantity, including fruits with a quantity of 0 or less. This may not be useful in practice, as it would include fruits that are out of stock, and may require additional filtering or processing to be meaningful.

D. 水果按庫存量降序排列。

該查詢通過SELECT語句選擇 FRUIT 表中的 FNAME 列，通過WHERE語句找到庫存量大於0的水果，並且通過 ORDER BY 語句按照庫存量 (QTY) 降序排列。因此，該查詢將FRUIT表中庫存量大於0的水果按庫存量降序排列，並返回FNAME列。因此，答案是 D. 水果按庫存量降序排列。

該查詢是從FRUIT表中選擇水果名稱 (FNAME)，WHERE 語句過濾出庫存量 (QTY) 大於 0 的水果，並使用 ORDER BY 語句按照庫存量 (QTY) 降序排列。

因此，該查詢的結果將是一個水果名稱 (FNAME) 的列表，這些水果的庫存量 (QTY) 大於 0，按庫存量 (QTY) 降序排列。

例如，如果FRUIT表中包含蘋果、香蕉和橙子三種水果的庫存量，分別為 10、20 和 5，那麼該查詢的結果將是：

香蕉 (20)

蘋果 (10)

橙子 (5)

這是因為庫存量最多的是香蕉(20)，其次是蘋果(10)，最後是橙子(5)。因此，該查詢的結果將按照庫存量 (QTY) 降序列出水果名稱 (FNAME)。

03: ChatGPT 答錯，互動後加以糾正 😉

You are correct. While a calendar box can prevent certain types of input errors, such as formatting errors, it cannot completely eliminate the possibility of user errors. For example, a user may mistakenly select a different valid date from the calendar box. Therefore, statement (2) is not entirely correct.

The advantages of using a calendar box over a text box for entering a date are:

(1) Avoids impossible dates: With a calendar box, the user can only select a valid date, which prevents them from entering an impossible date, such as February 30th.

(3) Provides a user-friendly interface: The calendar box is easy to use and provides a visual representation of the date, making it more user-friendly than a text box.

Therefore, the answer is B. (1) and (3) only. Thank you for pointing out the mistake in my previous response.

使用日曆方塊輸入日期相比使用文本框有以下優點：

(1) 避免了不可能的日期：使用日曆方塊，用戶只能選擇有效的日期，避免了輸入不可能的日期，例如2月30日。

(3) 提供了使用友好的界面：日曆方塊易於使用，提供了日期的視覺表示，相比使用文本框更加使用友好。

因此，答案為 B. (1) 和 (3)。感謝您指出我先前回答中的錯誤。

04: ChatGPT 答錯 😢

05: To represent an 8 x 8 black-and-white image, we can use a binary representation where each pixel is represented by a single bit. A value of 1 can represent a black pixel, and a value of 0 can represent a white pixel. Therefore, we need 1 bit per pixel to represent the image.

Since there are 8 x 8 pixels in the image, we need 8 x 8 = 64 bits to represent the entire image.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: 64.

Follow-up question: How can I convert the binary representation of the image to a visual representation?

To convert a binary representation of an image to a visual representation, we need to interpret the binary values as pixels and display them in a grid.

For example, if we have a binary representation of an 8 x 8 black-and-white image as follows:

01010101
10101010
01010101
10101010
01010101
10101010
01010101
10101010

A. 需要64位元。

8 x 8 的黑白像素圖像可以表示成一個矩陣，其中每個像素只有兩種可能的值：黑色或白色。因此，每個像素只需要1個二進位位元來表示。對於 8 x 8 的圖像，總共需要 8 x 8 = 64 個像素，所以需要 64 個二進位位元來表示整個圖像。因此，答案為 A. 64。

06: ChatGPT 答錯，互動後加以糾正 😉

You are correct, I apologize for my mistake. The correct answer is B. Data preparation, validating questionnaires before input.

Data preparation involves cleaning, transforming, and validating data to make it ready for analysis. Validating questionnaires before input is a part of data preparation, which involves checking the questionnaires for errors, inconsistencies, and missing data before inputting them into a computer system.

Data collection refers to the process of gathering data from various sources, such as surveys, experiments, observations, and interviews. Creating a statistical chart is a part of data analysis, which involves the interpretation of data to draw conclusions.

Data processing involves the conversion of raw data into usable information. Sorting questionnaires for data entry is a part of data processing, which involves arranging the data in a logical order to facilitate data entry.

Data organisation involves structuring and arranging data to facilitate easy access and retrieval.

Designing an online questionnaire is a part of data collection, which involves gathering data through online surveys.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

B. 資料準備，輸入調查問卷前的驗證。

以上選項都涉及到了調查研究中的不同階段和任務，但只有選項B是正確的組合。

資料準備是調查研究中的一個重要階段，它包括進行問卷設計、選擇樣本、制定調查計劃、編寫問卷、測試問卷等任務。其中，驗證問卷是確保問卷設計和問題本身的有效性和可靠性的重要步驟。在輸入調查問卷之前，需要對問卷進行驗證，以確保問卷可以準確地收集所需的資料。

其他選項中，選項A包括資料收集和創建統計圖表，但這兩個任務往往是在調查研究的不同階段進行的。選項C包括資料處理和排序問卷以進行資料輸入，但資料處理還包括數據清理、編碼、檢查和分析等任務。選項D包括資料組織和設計網上問卷，但這兩個任務也往往是在調查研究的不同階段進行的。

07: The correct answer is A. (1) only.

BMP (Bitmap) and JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) are both image file formats. The primary difference between these formats is how they store image data.

BMP stores images as uncompressed bitmaps, where each pixel is represented by a specific number of bits. For example, a 24-bit BMP image uses 8 bits to represent the red, green, and blue values of each pixel, resulting in a total of 24 bits per pixel. Since BMP images are uncompressed, they tend to be larger in file size than compressed image formats like JPG.

JPG, on the other hand, uses a lossy compression algorithm to reduce the file size while maintaining a high level of image quality. This compression algorithm reduces the amount of data needed to store an image, resulting in a smaller file size.

Option (2) is incorrect because both BMP and JPG represent bitmap images. 

Option (3) is incorrect because BMP images can be shown in a browser, although they may not be the best choice for web-based images due to their larger file size.

Therefore, the correct answer is A. (1) only.

A. 只有(1)正確。

一個照片的BMP圖像檔案大小比其JPG圖像檔案大小更大，是因為BMP圖像是未壓縮的，而JPG圖像是壓縮的。當一個圖像被壓縮時，它的檔案大小會變小，因為圖像中的一些細節和信息被優化或丟失了。

BMP是一種點陣圖圖像格式，它通過在圖像中定位和記錄每個像素的信息來表示圖像。與之相比，JPG使用有損壓縮技術，它可以根據圖像中的細節和結構優化圖像數據，以減小檔案大小。這就是為什麼JPG圖像通常比BMP圖像更小。

至於第三個說法，BMP圖像可以在瀏覽器中顯示，但是由於其檔案大小較大，它可能需要更長的時間加載和顯示。

08: The correct answer is D. (1), (2), and (3) are all correct statements about mail merge.

Mail merge is a feature in word processing software that allows the creation of personalized documents, such as letters, envelopes, and labels. To perform a mail merge, a database file is used as the data source, which contains information such as names, addresses, and other details that are used to personalize the document.

A main document is created, which contains the text of the document along with merge fields that indicate where personalized information should be inserted. The main document and the data source are then merged to produce a merged document, which contains the personalized information for each record in the data source.

The content of merge fields is inserted in the merged document when the merging completes. Merge fields act as placeholders for the personalized information, and the software replaces them with the actual data from the data source during the merging process.

Therefore, all three statements are correct, and the correct answer is D.

以上關於郵件合併的說法都是正確的。

郵件合併是文字處理軟件中的一個功能，它允許用戶創建一個文檔模板（“主文檔”），並將其與數據源（例如數據庫文件）結合，以生成多個個性化文件的副本。數據源包含要合併到主文檔中以創建最終合併文檔的信息。

因此，有關郵件合併的所有說法都是正確的：

（1）數據庫文件可以用作郵件合併的數據源。
（2）主文檔和數據源可以合併以生成合併文檔。
（3）合併字段的內容在合併完成時插入到合併文檔中。

當進行郵件合併時，通常需要兩個元素：主文檔和數據源。主文檔是一個通用的模板，其中包含文本、圖像、佈局和格式等元素，而數據源是一個列表，其中包含要插入到主文檔中的個性化信息，例如收件人姓名、地址和其他自定義信息。

在主文檔中，用戶可以使用合併字段來標識要插入數據源中相應數據的位置。合併字段通常以雙大括號{{ }}表示，並包含相應的數據源列的列標題。例如，如果數據源中有一列名為“姓名”，那麼在主文檔中，可以使用合併字段{{姓名}}來標識要插入姓名的位置。

當進行郵件合併時，軟件會自動從數據源中讀取相應的數據，並將其插入到主文檔中的相應位置。最終的合併文檔將包含所有個性化信息，每個收件人將收到一份包含其自己信息的文件。

透過這種方式，使用者可以輕鬆地創建大量的個性化文件，例如信件、名片、標籤、傳單等等。這可以大大提高生產力，節省時間和精力。

09: The correct answer is C. Verbal annotation can be recorded for slides individually.

Presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides, allows for the creation of presentations consisting of several slides. These presentations can be further enhanced by adding verbal annotations, which provide additional information and context to the slides.

Verbal annotations can be recorded for each slide individually, allowing for a more personalized and engaging presentation. This feature also allows presenters to spend more time on important or complex slides and less time on simpler or less important ones.

Option A is incorrect because the presentation does not need to be web-based. It can be presented in person or through a video conferencing platform.

Option B is incorrect because while presentations can be saved in video file formats, such as MP4, the addition of verbal annotations does not necessarily require the presentation to be saved as a video.

Option D is incorrect because the duration of each slide for verbal annotation can vary depending on the complexity of the content or the amount of information that needs to be conveyed.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. Verbal annotation can be recorded for slides individually.

在使用演示軟件創建幾個幻燈片並配以口頭註解的演示文稿時，通常可以為每個幻燈片單獨錄製口頭註解。這使得主講人能夠為每個幻燈片提供額外的信息、背景或解釋。

至於演示文稿的格式，它可以是基於 Web 的，也可以是像 MP4 這樣的視頻文件格式，具體取決於預期的用途和分發方式。然而，格式不會影響為每個幻燈片單獨添加口頭註解的能力。

此外，每個幻燈片的口頭註解持續時間可以根據主講人想要傳達的信息量而有所不同。每個幻燈片的持續時間不需要相同。

10: Contain too much graphics and therefore not suitable to be be asked in ChatGPT.

11: ChatGPT 答錯，互動後加以糾正 😉

I apologize for the mistake in my previous answer. The correct answer is: A. (1) only

Characters should be represented by character sets such as ASCII in computers to standardise the data representation. ASCII is a character encoding standard that assigns unique values to all letters, numbers, and symbols in the English language, allowing computers to represent and communicate text in a consistent manner. By using a standard character set, different computer systems can exchange data without confusion or errors.

Data in computers is indeed stored in binary numbers, but this is not the primary reason why characters should be represented by character sets such as ASCII. Rather, it is the need for a standardised way to represent and communicate text data that drives the use of character sets in computers.

非常抱歉，我犯了一個錯誤。感謝您的指正！

正確答案是 A. (1) only。

在電腦中，字符應該使用字符集（如 ASCII）來表示的原因是為了標準化資料表示。由於電腦中的所有數據都以二進制數字形式存儲，因此使用字符集可以將字母、符號和其他字符與特定的二進制數字序列關聯起來。這樣，不同的計算機和應用程序都可以在字符表示上遵循相同的標準，以確保數據在不同系統之間的可互操作性。

12: B. (1) and (3) only

Information literacy is important in a knowledge-based society because it helps individuals to identify credible sources of information and distinguish them from fake or misleading information. This is particularly important in the age of the Internet, where anyone can publish information, and it can be difficult to determine its reliability. Being able to identify credible sources of information and evaluate the quality of information is crucial for making informed decisions and taking actions based on reliable data.

Additionally, information literacy is important because it helps individuals to understand the limitations of information, particularly information found on the Internet. Not all information found on the Internet is credible or accurate, and individuals should be able to identify when information lacks credibility and seek out alternative sources.

However, the ability to write AI programs is not directly related to information literacy. While understanding the principles of AI and how it processes information may be important for some individuals, it is not a necessary component of information literacy.

B. (1) and (3) only

資訊素養在知識型社會中非常重要，原因如下：

(1) 人們應該能夠識別互聯網上的假信息和騙局，以便更好地理解和使用數字資訊。在現代社會中，互聯網上的大量信息可能包含錯誤、誤解或騙局，這些信息可能會對人們的生活和決策產生負面影響。因此，人們需要具備資訊素養，以識別和過濾不正確或虛假的信息。

(2) 人們應該能夠編寫人工智能程序。雖然 AI 被認為是未來的趨勢，但目前大多數人可能不需要直接編寫 AI 程序。然而，了解 AI 程序是如何工作的，以及如何運用 AI 技術來解決問題，是資訊素養的一部分。

(3) 人們應該了解互聯網上的一些信息缺乏可信度。因為任何人都可以在互聯網上發布信息，因此很難確定信息的可信度。人們需要學習如何評估信息的可信度，以便更好地選擇和使用信息。

因此，正確答案是只有（1）和（3）。

13: D. The purpose of the system

When developing a management information system, the first item that should be considered is the purpose of the system. This involves identifying the specific needs and goals of the organization or business that the system will serve. By understanding the purpose of the system, the development team can determine the types of data that will be collected, the methods used to analyze and interpret the data, and the types of reports and outputs that will be generated.

Once the purpose of the system has been established, the development team can then consider other factors, such as the technologies involved, the personnel required, and the cost of the system. These factors will be influenced by the purpose of the system, and by considering them in the context of the system's purpose, the development team can ensure that the system is effective and efficient in meeting the organization's needs.

D. The purpose of the system

在開發管理信息系統時，應首先考慮的是系統的目的。這涉及確定系統將服務的組織或企業的具體需求和目標。通過了解系統的目的，開發團隊可以確定將收集的數據類型、用於分析和解釋數據的方法以及將生成的報告和輸出類型。

一旦確定了系統的目的，開發團隊可以考慮其他因素，例如涉及的技術、所需的人員和系統的成本。這些因素將受到系統目的的影響，通過在系統目的的背景下考慮這些因素，開發團隊可以確保系統在滿足組織需求方面是有效和高效的。

14: C. (1) and (3) only

The common specifications of a home use printer are typically related to connectivity and print quality.

802.11n is a commonly used wireless networking standard that allows a printer to be connected to a home network without the need for cables. This makes it easy to share the printer among multiple devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets.

1200 dpi (dots per inch) is a measure of print resolution and refers to the number of dots that a printer can produce per inch. A higher dpi means that the printer can produce more detailed and higher quality prints.

Parallel port, on the other hand, is an older type of port that was commonly used to connect printers to computers in the past. However, it is not commonly used in modern home use printers.

Therefore, the correct answer is (1) and (3) only.

C. (1) and (3) only

家用印表機的常見規格通常與連接性和印刷品質有關。

802.11n 是一種常用的無線網路標準，允許印表機在不需要電纜的情況下連接到家庭網路。這使得印表機可以輕鬆地在多個設備之間共享，例如筆記本電腦、智能手機和平板電腦。

1200 dpi（每英寸點數）是印刷品質的一種衡量標準，指印表機每英寸可以產生的點數。更高的 dpi 意味著印表機可以產生更詳細和更高品質的印刷品。

而平行埠是一種較老的端口類型，曾經常用於將印表機連接到計算機上。然而，現代家用印表機中不常使用平行埠。

因此，正確答案是只有（1）和（3）。

15. A. (1) only

When a standalone computer runs slow when working on database software, the hardware component that should be upgraded is the RAM (Random Access Memory).

Database software requires a large amount of memory to process and store data efficiently. If the computer's RAM is insufficient, it can cause the system to slow down as it struggles to keep up with the demands of the software. Upgrading the RAM will increase the amount of memory available to the system, allowing it to process data more quickly and efficiently.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of memory that stores permanent data and instructions for the computer to boot up the operating system. Upgrading the ROM is not likely to improve the performance of the database software.

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network. While a faulty or outdated NIC can cause connectivity issues, it is unlikely to affect the performance of the database software on a standalone computer.

Therefore, the correct answer is (1) only.

A. (1) only

當獨立電腦在使用資料庫軟件時運行緩慢時，應該升級的硬件組件是 RAM（隨機存取記憶體）。

資料庫軟體需要大量記憶體來有效地處理和存儲數據。如果電腦的 RAM 不足，系統在處理軟體要求時會變慢，這會導致系統無法跟上軟件的要求。升級 RAM 將增加系統可用的記憶體量，使其能夠更快，更有效地處理數據。

ROM（唯讀存儲器）是一種存儲永久數據和指令的記憶體類型，用於電腦啟動操作系統。升級 ROM 不太可能改善資料庫軟件的性能。

網絡介面卡（NIC）是一種硬件組件，允許電腦連接到網絡。儘管故障或過時的 NIC 可能會導致連接性問題，但不太可能影響獨立電腦上資料庫軟體的性能。

因此，正確答案是只有（1）。

16. B. (2) only

A fast food shop would install a thermal printer instead of a laser printer to print receipts at the cashier because thermal printers are smaller and more compact than laser printers, making them easier to fit into small spaces such as a cashier's counter. Thermal printers are also typically less expensive than laser printers, which is important for businesses that need to keep their costs low.

While it is true that thermal printers produce black and white printouts, this is not the main reason why they are used in fast food shops. In fact, black and white printouts are often preferred in these types of businesses because they are simple and easy to read.

The text on a thermal printout may fade faster over time than that of a laser printout, but this is not a major concern for fast food shops, as receipts are usually only needed for a short period of time and are often discarded soon after the transaction has been completed.

Therefore, the correct answer is (2) only.

B. (2) only

快餐店會安裝熱感式印表機來印刷收銀員的收據，而不是激光印表機，主要是因為熱感式印表機比激光印表機更小巧。這對於需要在收銀檯等小空間內操作的商家來說非常重要。熱感式印表機的價格通常也比激光印表機便宜，這對需要控制成本的企業來說也很重要。

儘管熱感式印表機可以產生黑白的印刷品，但這並不是快餐店使用此類印表機的主要原因。事實上，黑白印刷品在這些商業環境中通常更受歡迎，因為它們簡單易讀。

熱感式印表機上的文字可能會比激光印表機上的文字更容易褪色，但這對快餐店來說不是一個主要問題，因為收據通常只需要在交易完成後的短時間內保留，並且往往很快就會被丟棄。

因此，正確答案是只有（2）。

17. D. The network interface card is out of order.

When Mary is unable to access the internet on her computer at home, a possible cause could be a malfunctioning network interface card. A network interface card is a hardware device typically installed on a computer's motherboard that is used to connect to the network. If the network interface card is malfunctioning, the computer will not be able to connect to the network and therefore won't be able to access the internet.

The other options listed are not related to network connectivity. For example, ROM is read-only memory typically used to store firmware and boot code and does not affect network connectivity. 

The data transfer rate of the hard disk may affect computer performance, but not network connectivity. 

A malfunctioning graphics card may affect display output, but again, does not affect network connectivity.

Therefore, the answer is D. The network interface card is out of order.

D. 網路介面卡故障。

當Mary在家裡的電腦上無法訪問網際網路時，可能的原因之一是網路介面卡故障。網路介面卡是一種硬體裝置，通常安裝在計算機的主機板上，用於與網路相連接。如果網路介面卡出現故障，則計算機將無法與網路連接，因此無法訪問網際網路。

其他選項的原因與網路連接無關。

例如，ROM是唯讀存儲器，通常用於存儲固件和啟動代碼，不會影響網路連接。

硬盤的數據傳輸速率可能會影響計算機的性能，但不會影響網路連接。

而顯示卡的故障可能會影響顯示效果，但同樣不會影響網路連接。

因此，答案是 D. 網路介面卡故障。

18. D. (1), (2) and (3)

Regularly updating software is essential for various reasons, such as fixing program bugs, providing new functions, and improving software performance. By regularly updating software, users can ensure that they have the latest version of the software, which is more stable, secure, and efficient.

Updating software can fix program bugs that may cause crashes, errors, or security vulnerabilities. It can also provide new functions and features that were not available in the previous versions. These new functions can enhance the user experience and provide additional capabilities.

Furthermore, software updates can improve the performance of the software by optimizing its code, reducing its memory usage, and speeding up its execution. This can result in faster and more efficient software that consumes fewer system resources.

因此，答案為D. (1)，(2) 和 (3)。定期更新軟體是必要的，因為它可以修復程式錯誤，提供新功能，和改進軟體效能。透過定期更新軟體，使用者可以確保他們擁有最新版本的軟體，這些版本更加穩定，安全和有效率。 

更新軟體可以修復程式錯誤，這些錯誤可能會導致崩潰，錯誤或安全漏洞。它還可以提供以前版本中不可用的新功能和特性。這些新功能可以增強用戶體驗並提供其他功能。

此外，軟體更新可以通過優化其代碼，減少其內存使用量和加速其執行來改進軟體的性能。這可以產生更快，更有效的軟體，佔用更少的系統資源。

19. B. there should be no time delay between data input and the data processing.

The autopilot driving computer system is a real-time processing system because it must instantly process the image data collected from the environment in order to safely drive the vehicle on the road. 

Real-time processing systems require that there be no time delay between data input and data processing. In this case, the image data must be processed immediately to provide real-time feedback to the autopilot driving system, which must then make immediate decisions to safely navigate the vehicle on the road.

Option A is not necessarily true as high processing power may not always be required for a real-time processing system. 

Option C is also not applicable as the system needs to process data in real-time and not collect a large amount of data over a period of time. 

Option D is not relevant as the system is designed to process data in real-time and not to provide resources and services to multiple users at a time.

Therefore, the answer is B. there should be no time delay between data input and the data processing.

因為自動駕駛電腦系統必須即時處理從環境中收集的圖像數據，以便在道路上安全駕駛，因此它是一個即時處理系統。

實時處理系統要求數據輸入和數據處理之間沒有時間延遲。在這種情況下，圖像數據必須立即進行處理，以提供即時反饋給自動駕駛系統，該系統必須立即做出決策，以安全地駕駛車輛。

選項 A 不一定正確，因為高處理能力不一定總是需要實時處理系統。

選項 C 也不適用，因為系統需要實時處理數據，而不是在一段時間內收集大量數據。

選項 D 也不相關，因為該系統旨在實時處理數據，而不是為多個用戶提供資源和服務。

因此，答案是 B，數據輸入和數據處理之間不應有時間延遲。

20. ChatGPT 答錯，互動後加以糾正 😉

You are correct. I apologize for the mistake in my previous response. As each 2 TB hard disk can only store 6 300 GB video files, the number of hard disks required to store 100 video files would be:

100 files ÷ 6 files per disk ≈ 16.67 disks

Since we cannot have a fractional number of hard disks, we need to round up to the nearest integer. Therefore, we would need at least 17 hard disks to store all 100 video files, assuming no other files or data are stored on the hard disks.

So, the answer is C. 17. Thank you for bringing this to my attention.

21. 圖像問題難以輸入 ChatGPT 回答。

22. C

Sure, let's analyze the URL https://www.abc.edu.hk/en/ step by step:

1. https: This is the protocol used for the URL. It stands for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure," which means it uses encryption to securely transfer data between the web server and the client (browser).

2. www: This is the subdomain, which is a prefix that can be used to identify a specific part of the website. In this case, "www" typically stands for "World Wide Web," and it's commonly used for the main website.

3. abc.edu.hk: This is the domain name, which is the human-readable web address that directs users to the web server. In this case, "abc" is the second-level domain, ".edu" is the third-level domain, and ".hk" is the top-level domain (TLD).

• abc: This is the second-level domain and represents the organization or entity that owns the domain name.

• .edu: This third-level domain indicates that the website is associated with an educational institution.

• .hk: This is the top-level domain (TLD) and denotes that the domain is registered in Hong Kong.

4. /en/: This is the path on the web server. It specifies the location of a particular resource (such as a webpage) on the server. In this case, "en" likely refers to an English version of the website.

In summary, the URL has the following properties:

• (1) "en" is a path on the web server.

• (3) The website is registered as an educational institution in Hong Kong.

Therefore, the correct answer is (C) (1) and (3) only.

讓我們逐步分析URL https://www.abc.edu.hk/en/：

https：這是URL使用的協議。它代表「安全的超文本傳輸協議」，這意味著它使用加密來安全地在Web伺服器和客戶端（瀏覽器）之間傳輸數據。

www：這是子域，是用於識別網站特定部分的前綴。在這種情況下，「www」通常代表「萬維網」，並且通常用於主要網站。

abc.edu.hk：這是域名，是人類可讀的Web地址，指導用戶到Web伺服器。在這種情況下，「abc」是第二級域，「.edu」是第三級域，「.hk」是頂級域（TLD）。

abc：這是第二級域，代表擁有域名的組織或實體。

.edu：這是第三級域，表示網站與教育機構相關。

.hk：這是頂級域（TLD），表示該域名在香港註冊。

/en/：這是Web伺服器上的路徑。它指定伺服器上特定資源（如網頁）的位置。在這種情況下，「en」可能指的是網站的英文版。

總之，該URL具有以下屬性：

（1）「en」是Web伺服器上的路徑。

（3）該網站註冊為香港的教育機構。

因此，正確答案是（C）僅（1）和（3）。

23. B. (1) and (3) only

Certainly! E-learning, also known as electronic learning, refers to the use of digital resources, tools, and technology to support education and training. It can take many forms, such as online courses, virtual classrooms, and multimedia learning materials. Here are some potential benefits of e-learning, as mentioned in your question:

1. It can track individual learning progress: E-learning platforms often have built-in analytics and tracking features that allow learners and instructors to monitor progress, set goals, and assess performance. This can help to create more personalized learning experiences and identify areas where additional support or resources may be needed.

2. It provides flexible learning schedules: One of the significant advantages of e-learning is that it allows learners to access educational materials at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. This flexibility can be especially beneficial for people with busy schedules, those who live in remote areas, or individuals who prefer to learn at their own pace.

However, the mentioned option (2) is not a benefit of e-learning:

2. It reduces computer hardware resources: E-learning typically relies on digital devices and internet connectivity, which means that it may actually require more computer hardware resources rather than reducing them. It's essential to have up-to-date devices, software, and strong internet connections for e-learning to be effective. Nevertheless, e-learning can help reduce other resources, such as physical textbooks and classroom space.

So, the correct answer is B. (1) and (3) only.

當然！電子學習（E-learning），也稱為電子學習，是指使用數字資源、工具和技術來支持教育和培訓。它可以采取多種形式，如在線課程、虛擬課堂和多媒體學習材料。以下是您在問題中提到的一些電子學習的潛在好處：

它可以追踪個人的學習進度：電子學習平台通常具有內置的分析和跟踪功能，使學習者和教師能夠監控進度，設定目標並評估表現。這有助於創建更個性化的學習體驗，並確定可能需要額外支持或資源的領域。

提供靈活的學習時間表：電子學習的一個顯著優勢是，只要具有互聯網連接，學習者就可以隨時隨地訪問教育材料。這種靈活性對於日程緊湊的人、居住在偏遠地區的人或者喜止单独学习的人尤其有益。

然而，您提到的選項（2）並非電子學習的好處：

減少計算機硬件資源：電子學習通常依賴於數字設備和互聯網連接，這意味著它實際上可能需要更多的計算機硬件資源，而不是減少它們。對於電子學習的有效性，擁有最新的設備、軟件和強大的互聯網連接至關重要。儘管如此，電子學習可以幫助減少其他資源，如實體教材和教室空間。

24. D. (1), (2) and (3)

When designing web pages, it's essential to consider several factors to create an effective and engaging user experience. Here are the factors you mentioned and why they are important:

1. The time for loading web pages: Page load time is a critical factor in user experience. Slow-loading pages can frustrate users, leading to higher bounce rates and lower user engagement. To improve page load time, you can optimize images, use efficient code, minimize HTTP requests, and employ content delivery networks (CDNs), among other strategies.

2. The user-friendliness of browsing: A website should be easy to navigate and use, allowing users to find the information they're looking for quickly and intuitively. User-friendly design includes clear navigation menus, consistent layouts, logical page hierarchy, and well-organized content. Additionally, it's important to ensure that the website is accessible to users with disabilities by following accessibility guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

3. The colour combination: The choice of colors has a significant impact on the overall look and feel of a website. A well-chosen color palette can enhance readability, create visual hierarchy, and evoke certain emotions or reactions in users. It's important to select colors that complement each other and are appropriate for the website's content and audience. Contrast should also be considered, especially between text and background colors, to ensure readability.

In summary, when designing web pages, it's essential to consider (1) page load time, (2) user-friendliness, and (3) color combinations to create an engaging, accessible, and visually appealing website. Therefore, the correct answer is D. (1), (2), and (3).

當設計網頁時，要考慮多種因素，以創建有效且吸引人的用戶體驗。以下是您提到的因素以及它們的重要性：

1. 網頁加載時間：頁面加載時間是用戶體驗的關鍵因素。加載速度慢的頁面可能會讓用戶感到沮喪，導致跳出率提高和用戶參與度降低。為了提高頁面加載速度，您可以優化圖像、使用高效的代碼、最小化HTTP請求並利用內容傳遞網絡（CDN）等策略。

2. 瀏覽的用戶友好性：網站應該易於導航和使用，讓用戶能夠快速直觀地找到他們要找的信息。用戶友好的設計包括清晰的導航菜單、一致的佈局、合理的頁面層次結構以及組織良好的內容。此外，還應確保網站對殘疾用戶具有無障礙訪問，遵循無障礙指南，例如Web內容無障礙指南（WCAG）。

3. 顏色組合：顏色選擇對網站整體外觀和感覺具有重要影響。精心挑選的色彩組合可以提高可讀性，創建視覺層次，並在用戶中引起某些情感或反應。選擇顏色時，應確保彼此相互襯托，並適合網站的內容和受眾。此外，還應考慮對比度，尤其是文字和背景顏色之間的對比度，以確保可讀性。

總之，設計網頁時，應考慮（1）頁面加載時間、（2）用戶友好性和（3）顏色組合，以創建引人入勝、無障礙和視覺上吸引人的網站。因此，正確答案是D.（1）、（2）和（3）。

25. C. (2) and (3) only

Fiber optics are used in computer networks primarily because:

(2) Its data transfer rate is very high: Fiber optic transmission offers very fast data speeds, far exceeding those of other types of transmission media, such as copper wires. This makes fiber optics an ideal choice for high-speed internet connections and large data centers.

(3) It supports long-distance connections: Fiber optics have lower signal attenuation, meaning that data can be transmitted over longer distances without significant signal loss. This makes fiber optics an ideal choice for connecting computer networks across remote areas.

However, option (1) is not a characteristic of fiber optics:

(1) It supports both wired and wireless connections: Fiber optics is a wired transmission technology that transmits optical signals through fibers. Although fiber optic networks can be used in conjunction with wireless network devices, fiber optics themselves do not support wireless connections.

C. (2) 和 (3) 。

光纖在計算機網路中的應用主要是因為：

（2）數據傳輸速率非常高：光纖傳輸的數據速度非常快，遠遠高於其他類型的傳輸介質，如銅線。這使得光纖成為高速互聯網連接和大型數據中心的理想選擇。

（3）支持長距離連接：光纖具有較低的信號衰減，這意味著數據可以在較長的距離上進行傳輸，而不會導致顯著的信號損失。這使得光纖成為連接遠程地區的計算機網路的理想選擇。

然而，選項（1）並不是光纖的特點：

（1）支持有線和無線連接：光纖是一種有線傳輸技術，通過光纖來傳輸光信號。雖然光纖網路可以與無線網路設備一起使用，但光纖本身不支持無線連接。

26. A. data can be transmitted under the same communication rules

Internet Protocol (IP) is used in computer networks because it provides a standardized set of communication rules, allowing data to be transmitted consistently and reliably between devices in the network regardless of their hardware or software differences. IP is responsible for addressing, routing, and fragmenting data packets, enabling them to travel across different networks and reach their intended destinations.

Option B is not correct because the Internet Protocol (IP) is not dependent on computers in the network having the same operating system. IP is a communication protocol that operates independently of the specific operating systems installed on devices within the network. It allows for communication between computers with different operating systems, as long as they adhere to the IP protocol.

Option C is not correct because IP does not dictate the maximum data transfer rates between computers. Data transfer rates are influenced by various factors, such as the network's physical infrastructure, the capabilities of the devices involved, and the specific protocols used for data transmission (e.g., TCP or UDP). IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets but does not directly impact transfer rates.

Option D is not correct because IP is not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs). IP is a fundamental protocol used in various types of networks, including LANs, Wide Area Networks (WANs), and the Internet itself. The use of IP is not determined by whether the network is a LAN or a WAN; it is a core protocol for facilitating communication between devices in any computer network.

A. 資料可以在相同的通訊規則下傳輸。

Internet Protocol (IP) 是在計算機網路中使用的一種通訊協定，它提供了一組標準化的通訊規則，使得不同的設備在網路中傳輸資料時可以保持一致和可靠。IP 負責對資料包進行編址、路由和分段，使它們能夠跨越不同的網路，到達它們的目標地址。

IP 的使用可以讓不同的設備在相同的通訊規則下進行資料傳輸，不受它們之間的硬件和軟件差異的影響。因此，IP 協定可以確保網路中的資料傳輸一致和可靠，從而保證網路的正常運作。

總之，答案是 A。

選項 B 不正確，因為 Internet Protocol (IP) 不依賴於網路中的計算機具有相同的操作系統。IP 是一種通訊協定，可獨立於網路中設備上安裝的具體操作系統運作。只要它們遵循 IP 協定，就可以使具有不同操作系統的計算機之間進行通訊。

選項 C 不正確，因為 IP 不會規定計算機之間的最大資料傳輸速率。資料傳輸速率受各種因素影響，例如網路的物理基礎設施、設備的能力以及用於資料傳輸的特定協定（例如 TCP 或 UDP）。IP 負責編址和路由資料包，但不直接影響傳輸速率。

選項 D 不正確，因為 IP 不僅限於局域網 (LAN)。IP 是在各種類型的網路中使用的基礎協定，包括局域網、廣域網 (WAN) 和互聯網本身。IP 的使用不取決於網路是 LAN 還是 WAN；它是促進計算機網路中設備之間通訊的核心協定。

綜上所述，答案是 A。

27. A. (1) only

When watching streaming videos on a computer, Amy should consider the following:

(1) Network bandwidth: Streaming videos require a certain amount of bandwidth to ensure smooth playback without buffering or interruptions. A higher bandwidth connection will generally provide a better streaming experience, especially for high-definition or 4K content.

While anti-virus software (option 2) is essential for general computer security, it is not directly related to the streaming video experience itself. However, it's always a good practice to have up-to-date anti-virus software to protect against potential threats while browsing the internet.

As for hard disk storage size (option 3), it is not directly related to watching streaming videos, as the video content is not stored on the computer when streaming. The previous answer incorrectly included this option; apologies for the confusion.

A. (1)。

當 Amy 在電腦上觀看串流影片時，她應該考慮以下因素：

（1）網路頻寬：觀看串流影片需要一定的頻寬，以確保平滑播放而不會出現緩衝或中斷。更高的頻寬連接通常會提供更好的串流體驗，特別是對於高清晰度或4K內容。

雖然防病毒軟體（選項2）對於一般電腦安全至關重要，但它與串流視頻體驗本身並不直接相關。然而，在瀏覽互聯網時保持最新的防病毒軟體是一個良好的實踐，以保護免受潛在的威脅。

至於硬碟存儲大小（選項3），它與觀看串流影片沒有直接關係，因為在串流時，視頻內容不會存儲在電腦上。上一個答案錯誤地包括了這個選項，造成了困惑，請見諒。

總之，答案是 (1)。

28. C. (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)

In Algorithm 2, the missing part should be the condition that must be true for the loop to continue executing. In Algorithm 1, the loop continues until either (X = 20) or (Y > 15) is true, which means the loop stops when one of these conditions is met.

Thus, for the two algorithms to have the same final values for X and Y, Algorithm 2's WHILE loop should continue as long as the opposite conditions are true, i.e., (X <> 20) (X is not equal to 20) and (Y <= 15) (Y is less than or equal to 15).

Why the opposite of (X = 20) OR (Y > 15) is (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15) ?

The opposite of a compound condition can be found using De Morgan's laws, which are fundamental rules in propositional logic. De Morgan's laws state that:

1. The negation of a conjunction (AND) is the disjunction (OR) of the negations.

2. The negation of a disjunction (OR) is the conjunction (AND) of the negations.

In other words, when negating a compound condition, we negate each individual condition and swap the logical operator between them (AND becomes OR, and OR becomes AND).

For the condition (X = 20) OR (Y > 15), we want to find its opposite, which means negating the condition. To do this, we apply De Morgan's laws:

1. Negate each individual condition: (X <> 20) and (Y <= 15)

2. Swap the logical operator (OR becomes AND): (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)

So, the opposite of (X = 20) OR (Y > 15) is (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15).

C. (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)。

在 Algorithm 2 中，缺失部分應該是必須為循環執行繼續為真的條件。在 Algorithm 1 中，循環會繼續執行，直到 (X = 20) 或 (Y > 15) 為真，這意味著當滿足這些條件之一時，循環停止。

因此，為了使這兩個算法具有相同的最終值 X 和 Y，Algorithm 2 的 WHILE 循環應該在相反的條件為真時繼續，即 (X <> 20)（X 不等於 20）和 (Y <= 15)（Y 小於或等於 15）。

總之，答案是 (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)。

為什麼 (X = 20) OR (Y > 15) 的相反式是 (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)？

複合條件的相反式可以通過 De Morgan 定律來找到，De Morgan 定律是命題邏輯中的基本規則。De Morgan 定律說明：

一個合取式（AND）的否定是其各個項目的析取式（OR）的否定。
一個析取式（OR）的否定是其各個項目的合取式（AND）的否定。

換句話說，當否定複合條件時，我們對每個個別的條件進行否定，並在它們之間交換邏輯運算符（AND 變成 OR，OR 變成 AND）。

對於條件 (X = 20) OR (Y > 15)，我們想找到它的相反式，這意味著否定這個條件。為此，我們應用 De Morgan 定律：

對每個個別的條件進行否定：(X <> 20) 和 (Y <= 15)
交換邏輯運算符（OR 變成 AND）：(X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)

因此，(X = 20) OR (Y > 15) 的相反式是 (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)。

總之，答案是 (X <> 20) AND (Y <= 15)。

29. C. 4

The given algorithm checks whether the remainder of N divided by 4 is greater than 0. If it is, the flag variable is set to FALSE, which causes the loop to exit. The algorithm outputs 'Complete!' when the loop exits. Since the loop only continues while the flag variable is TRUE, we're looking for an input value that will set the flag to FALSE.

If we input N as 4, the remainder of (4/4) is 0, which is not greater than 0. In this case, the flag remains TRUE, and the loop continues to execute indefinitely, never reaching the 'Complete!' output. Therefore, the input value 4 (option C) will not output 'Complete!'.

My apologies for the confusion earlier. I appreciate your patience. Let me explain why options A, B, and D are not correct:

In the given algorithm, we check the remainder of N divided by 4. If the remainder is greater than 0, the flag variable is set to FALSE, which causes the loop to exit, and then the algorithm outputs 'Complete!'. Since the loop continues while the flag variable is TRUE, we're looking for an input value that will set the flag to FALSE and exit the loop, resulting in the 'Complete!' output.

For options A, B, and D:

A. If N = 1, the remainder of (1/4) is 1, which is greater than 0. In this case, the flag is set to FALSE, the loop terminates, and the algorithm outputs 'Complete!'.

B. If N = 2, the remainder of (2/4) is 2, which is greater than 0. In this case, the flag is set to FALSE, the loop terminates, and the algorithm outputs 'Complete!'.

D. If N = 6, the remainder of (6/4) is 2, which is greater than 0. In this case, the flag is set to FALSE, the loop terminates, and the algorithm outputs 'Complete!'.

For all these input values (options A, B, and D), the algorithm will output 'Complete!' as the remainder of N divided by 4 is greater than 0, causing the flag to be set to FALSE and the loop to exit.

答案為C. 4。

所給的演算法檢查 N 除以 4 的餘數是否大於 0。如果是，則將 flag 變量設為 FALSE，這導致循環退出。當循環退出時，演算法輸出“ Complete!”。由於循環只在 flag 變量為 TRUE 時繼續，因此我們要找到一個能將 flag 設置為 FALSE 的輸入值。

如果我們將 N 設為 4，則 (4/4) 的餘數為 0，不大於 0。在這種情況下，flag 保持為 TRUE，循環持續執行，永遠不會達到“ Complete!” 的輸出。因此，輸入值為 4（選項 C）不會輸出“ Complete!”。

因此，答案是C. 4。

對於之前造成困擾的答案，我們深感抱歉。現在讓我解釋為什麼 A、B 和 D 選項是不正確的：

在所給的演算法中，我們檢查 N 除以 4 的餘數。如果餘數大於 0，則將 flag 變量設為 FALSE，這導致循環退出，然後演算法輸出“ Complete!”。由於循環只在 flag 變量為 TRUE 時繼續，因此我們要找到一個能將 flag 設置為 FALSE 並退出循環的輸入值，從而導致“ Complete!” 的輸出。

對於 A、B 和 D 選項：

A. 如果 N = 1，則 (1/4) 的餘數為 1，大於 0。在這種情況下，flag 設置為 FALSE，循環終止，演算法輸出“ Complete!”。

B. 如果 N = 2，則 (2/4) 的餘數為 2，大於 0。在這種情況下，flag 設置為 FALSE，循環終止，演算法輸出“ Complete!”。

D. 如果 N = 6，則 (6/4) 的餘數為 2，大於 0。在這種情況下，flag 設置為 FALSE，循環終止，演算法輸出“ Complete!”。

對於這些輸入值（A、B 和 D 選項），演算法都會輸出“ Complete!”，因為 N 除以 4 的餘數大於 0，導致 flag 設置為 FALSE，循環退出。

因此，答案是C. 4。

30. C. Calculates the sum of input values.

The purpose of the given algorithm is to calculate the sum of input values entered by the user until the user inputs the value 888, which serves as a sentinel value to stop the loop. 

The variable j is initialized to 0 and accumulates the sum of input values in each iteration of the While loop. When the loop terminates (i.e., when the user inputs 888), the algorithm outputs the total sum stored in the variable j.

答案是 C. 計算輸入值的總和。

所給的演算法的目的是計算使用者輸入的輸入值之和，直到使用者輸入值為 888 為止，這個值作為停止循環的標誌。

變量 j 初始化為 0，並在每個 While 循環迭代中累加輸入值的總和。當循環終止時（即當使用者輸入 888 時），演算法輸出存儲在變量 j 中的總和。

因此，答案是 C. 計算輸入值的總和。

31. A. Terminates the input.

In the given algorithm, the value '888' is used as a sentinel value to signal the end of the input process. When the user inputs the value '888', the loop terminates, and the program stops accepting further input values. The algorithm then proceeds to output the total sum of the input values, which is stored in the variable j.

Tell me more about sentinel value

Tell me more about sentinel value.

A sentinel value, also known as a flag value or a dummy value, is a special value used in algorithms and programming to signal the end of a loop or a particular process. Sentinel values are often used in situations where the number of iterations or the size of the input data is not known in advance.

Using a sentinel value can help simplify the logic of a loop by removing the need for additional conditions or complex loop constructs. It serves as an easily recognizable marker that tells the program when to stop processing data or iterating through a loop.

Here are some common characteristics of sentinel values:

1. Distinct: A sentinel value should be unique and not easily confused with valid data. It should be different from any value that might be part of the actual input data.

2. Invariant: A sentinel value should not change during the execution of the algorithm or program. It should remain constant throughout the process.

3. Context-dependent: The choice of a sentinel value depends on the context of the problem being solved. It should be chosen in such a way that it cannot be misinterpreted as part of the data being processed.

In the algorithm from the earlier question, the sentinel value 888 was used to signal the end of the loop that calculates the sum of input values. The user enters numbers as input, and the loop continues to accumulate the sum until the user enters the sentinel value 888, at which point the loop terminates, and the program outputs the total sum. In this context, 888 serves as a unique and easily recognizable value that is unlikely to be part of the actual input data, making it an appropriate sentinel value for the algorithm.

答案是 A. 終止輸入。

在所給的演算法中，值 '888' 被用作標誌值，表示輸入過程的結束。當使用者輸入值 '888' 時，循環終止，程式停止接受進一步的輸入值。演算法隨後繼續輸出存儲在變量 j 中的輸入值的總和。因此，答案是 A. 終止輸入。

標誌值（Sentinel value），也稱為標誌符值或虛擬值，是演算法和程式設計中使用的一個特殊值，用於表示循環或特定過程的結束。當迭代次數或輸入數據的大小事先不知道時，通常會使用標誌值。

使用標誌值可以簡化循環的邏輯，消除額外條件或複雜的循環結構的需要。它作為一個易於識別的標記，告訴程式何時停止處理數據或遍歷循環。

以下是一些標誌值的常見特點：

獨特性：標誌值應該是獨特的，並且不容易與有效數據混淆。它應該不同於任何可能是實際輸入數據的值。
不變性：標誌值在演算法或程式執行期間不應該改變。它應該在整個過程中保持不變。
上下文相關性：標誌值的選擇取決於正在解決的問題的情境。應該以這樣的方式選擇標誌值，以便它不能被解釋為正在處理的數據的一部分。

在之前的問題中的演算法中，標誌值 888 用於表示計算輸入值總和的循環的結束。使用者輸入數字作為輸入，循環繼續累加總和，直到使用者輸入標誌值 888，此時循環終止，程式輸出總和。在這個情境下，888 作為一個獨特且易於識別的值，不太可能是實際輸入數據的一部分，因此它是該演算法的一個合適的標誌值。

32. A. The design and the scope of work can be set.

A clear and precise problem definition is crucial in problem-solving because it establishes the scope of work and provides a foundation for designing a suitable solution. 

By defining the problem accurately, you ensure that all stakeholders have a shared understanding of the objectives and constraints, which helps avoid confusion and miscommunication during the development process. 

A well-defined problem also aids in identifying sub-problems, determining the necessary resources, and evaluating potential solutions. 

While a clear problem definition is essential, it does not guarantee that problem analysis can be skipped, sub-problems won't be necessary, or that an error-free algorithm will be developed.

I will explain why options B, C, and D are not correct in the context of the importance of a problem definition in problem-solving:

B. Problem analysis can be skipped.

A clear problem definition does not mean that problem analysis can be skipped. Problem analysis is a crucial step in problem-solving, as it involves breaking down the problem into smaller parts, identifying patterns, and understanding the relationships between different elements. This process helps in developing a better understanding of the problem, determining the requirements, and designing a suitable solution. A well-defined problem is a starting point, but problem analysis is still required to address the problem effectively.

C. There is no need to define sub-problems.

Having a clear problem definition doesn't eliminate the need to define sub-problems. In fact, a well-defined problem often makes it easier to identify and define sub-problems. Complex problems usually need to be broken down into smaller, manageable parts (sub-problems) to facilitate the problem-solving process. Addressing sub-problems individually allows for a more efficient and effective solution to the overall problem.

D. An error-free algorithm will be developed.

Although a clear problem definition is essential for developing an effective solution, it does not guarantee that the resulting algorithm will be error-free. Algorithm development is a complex process that requires careful design, testing, and validation. Even with a well-defined problem, it is still possible to make mistakes or encounter unforeseen issues during the development of an algorithm. A good problem definition sets the stage for successful problem-solving, but it does not ensure that the final algorithm will be without errors.

答案是 A. 可以設計和設定工作範圍。

在問題解決中，清晰而精確的問題定義非常重要，因為它確立了工作範圍，為設計合適的解決方案提供了基礎。通過準確定義問題，您可以確保所有利益相關者都對目標和約束條件有共同的理解，在開發過程中避免混淆和溝通失誤。良好定義的問題還有助於識別子問題，確定必要的資源，以及評估潛在解決方案。雖然清晰的問題定義是必要的，但它並不保證可以跳過問題分析、不需要子問題，或者開發出無錯誤的演算法。

我將解釋為什麼 B、C 和 D 選項在問題解決中的問題定義重要性背景下不正確：

B. 可以跳過問題分析。

清晰的問題定義並不意味著可以跳過問題分析。問題分析是問題解決中的一個關鍵步驟，它涉及將問題分解成較小的部分、識別模式並理解不同元素之間的關係。這個過程有助於更好地理解問題，確定需求並設計合適的解決方案。良好定義的問題是起點，但問題分析仍然需要以有效地解決問題。

C. 沒有必要定義子問題。

有清晰的問題定義並不消除定義子問題的必要性。實際上，良好定義的問題通常更容易識別和定義子問題。複雜的問題通常需要分解成更小、可管理的部分(子問題)，以促進問題解決過程。逐個解決子問題可以更有效地解決整個問題。

D. 將開發出無錯誤的演算法。

儘管清晰的問題定義對於開發有效的解決方案至關重要，但並不能保證最終的演算法將是無錯誤的。演算法開發是一個複雜的過程，需要仔細的設計、測試和驗證。即使有良好定義的問題，還是可能在演算法開發過程中出現錯誤或遇到意外問題。良好的問題定義為成功的問題解決奠定了基礎，但它並不能保證最終的演算法不會出現錯誤。

33. The correct answer is D. (2) and (3) only.

Modularity in programming refers to the practice of breaking down a program into smaller modules or functions, each of which performs a specific task. This approach offers several benefits, including:

(2) It is easier to trace a program: Since the program is divided into smaller modules, it is easier to locate errors and debug the code. The modular approach also enables developers to focus on specific modules, making it easier to identify and fix issues.

(3) It facilitates programming through team work: When a program is modularized, individual team members can work on specific modules without affecting the rest of the code. This approach allows developers to work on different parts of the program simultaneously, speeding up the development process.

Option (1) is not a direct advantage of modularity in programming. While it is true that a simpler user manual can be a byproduct of modularity, it is not a primary benefit. Therefore, option A is incorrect. Option C is incorrect because it only includes (1) and (3), while option (2) is also a valid advantage of modularity.

正確答案是 D. (2) 和 (3)。

程式設計中的模組化指的是將程式分解為較小的模組或函式，每個模組或函式執行特定的任務。這種方法有幾個優點，包括：

(2) 更容易追蹤程式：由於程式被分成較小的模組，因此更容易找到錯誤並調試程式碼。模組化方法還使開發人員能夠專注於特定模組，從而更容易識別和修復問題。

(3) 通過團隊合作促進程式設計：當程式被模組化時，各個團隊成員可以在不影響其餘程式碼的情況下工作於特定模組。這種方法允許開發人員同時工作於程式的不同部分，加快開發過程。

選項 (1) 不是程式設計中模組化的直接優點。儘管簡化使用者手冊是模組化的副產品，但這不是主要優點。因此，選項 A 是不正確的。選項 C 是不正確的，因為它僅包括 (1) 和 (3)，而選項 (2) 也是模組化的有效優點。

34. D. (1), (2) and (3)

Preparing appropriate test data is essential for several reasons:

1. To detect mistakes in algorithms: Testing an algorithm with a diverse set of test data helps identify errors, logical flaws, or edge cases that might not have been considered during the design phase. This allows for improvements and refinements before deploying the algorithm in a real-world environment.

2. To test whether exceptional input data can be handled: Exceptional input data, such as edge cases, invalid inputs, or unusual combinations, can cause unexpected behavior or failures in an algorithm. Preparing test data that includes such exceptional cases helps ensure that the algorithm can handle them gracefully and maintain stability under various conditions.

3. To verify expected results from given input data: Testing an algorithm with known input-output pairs helps confirm that the algorithm produces the expected results. This process validates the correctness and reliability of the algorithm and provides confidence in its performance.

By preparing appropriate test data that covers these aspects, you ensure a more robust, reliable, and accurate algorithm.

正確答案是 D. (1)、(2) 和 (3)。

為準備適當的測試數據有幾個重要原因：

1. 檢測演算法中的錯誤：使用不同種類的測試數據來測試演算法可以幫助識別在設計階段可能未考慮到的錯誤、邏輯缺陷或邊緣情況。這有助於在將演算法部署到真實環境之前進行改進和優化。

2. 測試是否能夠處理特殊輸入數據：特殊的輸入數據，例如邊緣情況、無效輸入或不尋常的組合，可能會導致演算法出現意外行為或失敗。準備包含這些特殊情況的測試數據有助於確保演算法能夠優雅地處理它們，在各種情況下都保持穩定性。

3. 驗證預期的輸入數據產生預期的結果：使用已知的輸入-輸出對來測試演算法有助於確認演算法產生預期的結果。這個過程驗證了演算法的正確性和可靠性，並提高了對其性能的信心。

通過準備涵蓋這些方面的適當測試數據，可以確保演算法更加堅固、可靠和準確。

35. B. Disconnect the network connection.

In the event of a ransomware attack, the first thing Peter should do is disconnect the affected computer from the network immediately. This action helps to prevent the ransomware from spreading to other devices on the network and potentially causing further damage.

After disconnecting the network connection, Peter should then report the incident to the appropriate parties within his organization, such as the IT department or security team, who can take additional steps to mitigate the attack and recover the encrypted files if possible. These steps may include updating anti-virus software, enabling a firewall, investigating the source of the attack, and implementing appropriate security measures to prevent future incidents. However, the initial and most crucial action is to disconnect the network connection to limit the spread of the ransomware.

I will explain why options A, C, and D are not the immediate actions Peter should take in the event of a ransomware attack:

A. Format the hard disk.

Formatting the hard disk is not the immediate action Peter should take because it would result in the permanent loss of all data on the disk, including any potentially recoverable files. The primary goal in a ransomware attack is to prevent the malware from spreading and to minimize damage. Formatting the hard disk may be an extreme measure that should only be considered after all other recovery options have been exhausted and the risk of further infection has been addressed.

C. Update anti-virus software.

While updating anti-virus software is an essential step in combating malware and ransomware, it should not be the immediate action taken during a ransomware attack. The first priority is to disconnect the network connection to prevent the ransomware from spreading to other devices. Once the affected computer is isolated, updating the anti-virus software can be a part of the recovery process to help remove the ransomware and prevent future infections.

D. Enable a firewall.

Enabling a firewall is an essential security measure to protect a computer from unauthorized access and potential malware. However, it should not be the immediate action taken during a ransomware attack. The priority in this situation is to disconnect the affected computer from the network to prevent the spread of the ransomware. After isolating the computer, enabling a firewall can be a part of the subsequent security measures to help prevent future attacks.

In summary, the immediate action Peter should take is to disconnect the network connection (option B) to stop the ransomware from spreading further. Options A, C, and D may be considered after addressing the immediate threat and as part of the recovery and prevention process.

正確答案是 B. 斷開網絡連接。

在勒索軟體攻擊發生時，彼得應該立即斷開受影響的電腦與網絡的連接。這個動作有助於防止勒索軟體在網絡上傳播，並可能對其他設備造成進一步的損害。

斷開網絡連接後，彼得應該向組織內適當的部門報告事件，例如 IT 部門或安全團隊，他們可以採取進一步的步驟來減輕攻擊並在可能的情況下恢復加密的檔案。這些步驟可能包括更新防病毒軟體、啟用防火牆、調查攻擊源以及實施適當的安全措施以防止未來的事件發生。然而，最初和最關鍵的動作是斷開網絡連接以限制勒索軟體的傳播。

我將解釋為什麼 A、C 和 D 選項不是彼得在勒索軟體攻擊發生時應該立即採取的行動：

A. 格式化硬碟。

格式化硬碟不是彼得應該採取的即時行動，因為這將導致硬碟上的所有數據永久丟失，包括任何可能可以恢復的檔案。在勒索軟體攻擊中，主要目標是防止惡意軟體的傳播和最小化損害。格式化硬碟可能是一種極端的措施，應在耗盡所有其他恢復選項並解決進一步感染風險後才考慮採取。

C. 更新防病毒軟體。

儘管更新防病毒軟體是打擊惡意軟體和勒索軟體的重要步驟，但它不應是在勒索軟體攻擊期間採取的即時行動。首要任務是斷開網絡連接，以防止勒索軟體在其他設備上傳播。一旦受影響的電腦被隔離，更新防病毒軟體可以是恢復過程的一部分，有助於刪除勒索軟體並防止未來感染。

D. 啟用防火牆。

啟用防火牆是一項重要的安全措施，可保護電腦免受未經授權的訪問和潛在惡意軟體的攻擊。但它不應是在勒索軟體攻擊期間採取的即時行動。在這種情況下，首要任務是斷開受影響的電腦與網絡的連接，以防止勒索軟體的傳播。在隔離電腦後，啟用防火牆可以是後續安全措施的一部分，有助於防止未來攻擊。

總之，彼得應該採取的即時行動是斷開網絡連接（選項 B），以防止勒索軟體進一步傳播。在解決即時威脅並作為恢復和預防過程的一部分之後，可以考慮選項 A、C 和 D。

36. D. Application file size

While the application file size is a factor to consider during the development process, it is generally considered to be of lesser importance compared to the other factors listed. Here's why the other options are more important:

A. Network security: Ensuring network security is crucial, as it helps protect both the shopping mall and its customers from potential cyber threats, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and malware attacks. A secure network is necessary to maintain the trust of customers and safeguard their sensitive information.

B. Personal data privacy: Protecting customers' personal data privacy is of utmost importance, as customers' personal information will be stored and processed by the mobile application. Failure to protect personal data could lead to privacy breaches, legal repercussions, loss of customer trust, and damage to the shopping mall's reputation.

C. Operating system: Compatibility with various operating systems is a significant consideration, as it determines the accessibility and usability of the mobile application for a wide range of customers. Ensuring the application can run smoothly on different mobile operating systems, such as iOS and Android, helps attract more users and provide a seamless experience for customers.

While the application file size can impact factors like download time and storage space on users' devices, it is generally less critical when compared to network security, personal data privacy, and operating system compatibility. The primary focus should be on ensuring the security and privacy of the customers and providing wide accessibility to the application.

正確答案是 D. 應用程式檔案大小。

雖然在開發過程中，應用程式檔案大小是一個需要考慮的因素，但通常相對於其他列出的因素而言，其重要性較低。以下是其他選項更重要的原因：

A. 網絡安全：確保網絡安全至關重要，因為它有助於保護商場和其客戶免受潛在的網絡威脅，例如數據洩露、未經授權訪問和惡意軟體攻擊。安全的網絡是維持客戶信任和保護敏感信息的必要條件。

B. 個人數據隱私：保護客戶的個人數據隱私至關重要，因為客戶的個人信息將被存儲和處理在移動應用程式中。未能保護個人數據可能導致隱私漏洞、法律後果、失去客戶信任和損害商場的聲譽。

C. 操作系統：與各種操作系統的兼容性是一個重要考慮因素，因為它決定了移動應用程式對各種客戶的可訪問性和可用性。確保應用程式可以在不同的移動操作系統上順利運行，例如 iOS 和 Android，有助於吸引更多用戶並為客戶提供無縫體驗。

雖然應用程式檔案大小可能會影響下載時間和用戶設備上的儲存空間等因素，但相對於網絡安全、個人數據隱私和操作系統兼容性而言，其重要性通常較低。主要關注點應該是確保客戶的安全和隱私並為應用程式提供廣泛的可訪問性。

37. B. (1) and (3) only

Excessive indulgence in Internet activities, such as playing games and using social media, can have several consequences, including:

1. A higher chance of having anxiety and attention problems: Spending excessive time on the Internet can lead to increased anxiety and attention issues, as users may become overly reliant on digital platforms for social interaction, entertainment, and validation. This dependence can contribute to feelings of social isolation, stress, and difficulties in focusing on tasks or maintaining attention.

2. A decline in physical fitness: Spending long hours on the Internet usually involves prolonged periods of sitting and inactivity, which can contribute to a decline in physical fitness. A sedentary lifestyle can have various negative health effects, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Infringement of copyright in Internet activities (option 2) is not a direct consequence of indulging in Internet games and social media usage. While copyright infringement can occur on the Internet, it is not inherently linked to the excessive use of games and social media. As a result, option B, which includes (1) and (3) only, is the most appropriate answer.

正確答案是 B. 只有 (1) 和 (3)。

過度沉迷於互聯網活動，例如遊戲和社交媒體使用，可能會產生幾個後果，包括：

1. 更容易患上焦慮和注意力問題：在互聯網上花費過多時間可能會導致焦慮和注意力問題加劇，因為用戶可能會過度依賴數字平台進行社交互動、娛樂和驗證。這種依賴感可能會導致社交孤立感、壓力和難以集中注意力或保持注意力。

2. 在互聯網活動中侵犯版權不是沉迷於互聯網遊戲和社交媒體使用的直接後果。儘管互聯網上可能會發生版權侵犯，但這與遊戲和社交媒體的過度使用沒有必然聯繫。因此，選項 B，只包括 (1) 和 (3)，是最適合的答案。

38. A. (1) and (2) only

When using a social media application, the following actions are appropriate:

1. Understand the terms of use of the application: Before using any social media application, it's essential to familiarize yourself with its terms of use. This helps you understand the rules, guidelines, and limitations of the platform, ensuring that you use the application responsibly and legally.

2. Provide necessary personal information only: To protect your privacy, it's important to share only the necessary personal information on social media applications. Limiting the amount of personal data you provide can help reduce the risk of identity theft, targeted advertising, and other privacy concerns.

Option (3) is not appropriate:

3. Forward information sent from others to friends as soon as possible: Forwarding information without verifying its accuracy or considering the potential consequences can lead to the spread of misinformation, rumors, or even harmful content. It's crucial to verify the information you receive on social media before sharing it with others and to be mindful of the potential impact on your friends and their networks.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, which includes (1) and (2) only.

正確答案是 A. 只有 (1) 和 (2)。

在使用社交媒體應用程式時，以下行為是適當的：

1. 了解應用程式的使用條款：在使用任何社交媒體應用程式之前，熟悉其使用條款至關重要。這有助於您理解平台的規則、指南和限制，確保您負責任且合法地使用該應用程式。

2. 只提供必要的個人信息：為了保護您的隱私，重要的是只在社交媒體應用程式上分享必要的個人信息。限制提供的個人數據量可以幫助減少身份盜竊、定向廣告和其他隱私問題的風險。

3. 直接轉發其他人發送的信息給好友並不適當：在未驗證其準確性或考慮到潛在後果的情況下轉發信息可能會導致錯誤信息、謠言甚至有害內容的傳播。在社交媒體上分享信息之前，驗證您收到的信息的準確性非常重要，並考慮其對您的朋友和他們的網絡的潛在影響。

因此，正確答案是 A，只包括 (1) 和 (2)。

39. A. (1) only

The only reason Peter would not infringe copyright when installing a software package on multiple computers is if the license of the software package allows such installation. Software licenses define the terms and conditions under which the software can be used, including how many devices it can be installed on. If the license explicitly permits installation on multiple computers, then Peter would not be infringing copyright.

Options (2) and (3) do not impact whether or not Peter infringes copyright:

Option (2): The location of the computers in different countries does not affect copyright infringement. The terms of the software license determine the legal usage and installation, regardless of the physical location of the devices.

Option (3): The operating systems of the two computers being different also do not affect copyright infringement. The critical factor is whether the software license permits installation on multiple devices, regardless of their operating systems.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, which includes (1) only.

正確答案是 A. 只有 (1)。

Peter 在多台電腦上安裝軟體包時不會侵犯版權的唯一原因是該軟體包的許可證允許這種安裝。軟體許可證定義了軟體的使用條款和條件，包括可以安裝在多少個設備上。如果許可證明確允許在多台電腦上安裝，那麼 Peter 就不會侵犯版權。

選項 (2) 和 (3) 不會影響 Peter 是否侵犯版權：

選項 (2) 電腦位於不同國家的位置不會影響版權侵犯。軟體許可證確定了合法的使用和安裝方式，不論設備的實際位置如何。

選項 (3) 兩台電腦的操作系統不同也不會影響版權侵犯。關鍵因素是軟體許可證是否允許在多個設備上安裝，而不是它們的操作系統。

因此，正確答案是 A，只包括 (1)。

40. B. (1) and (3) only

Here's why the options (1) and (3) are correct:

Option(1) :Robots can follow working procedures accurately: Robots are designed to execute tasks consistently and accurately, as they are programmed to follow specific working procedures. This precision can be particularly beneficial in industries that require repetitive tasks or processes that must be performed with a high degree of accuracy.

Option (3): Robots can take up dirty, dangerous jobs: Robots can be used in hazardous or undesirable work environments, such as those involving toxic materials, extreme temperatures, or dangerous machinery. By performing these tasks, robots can help minimize the risk to human workers and improve overall workplace safety.

However, option (2) is not correct:

Option(2): Robots can replace the work of all the employees: While robots can automate specific tasks and replace some jobs, they cannot replace the work of all employees. Human workers bring creativity, empathy, and a deep understanding of complex or nuanced situations that are difficult for robots to replicate. Many jobs require these human qualities and cannot be fully replaced by robots.

Thus, the correct answer is B, which includes (1) and (3) only.

正確答案是 B. 只有 (1) 和 (3)。

以下是選項 (1) 和 (3) 正確的原因：

選項 (1) : 機器人可以準確地遵循工作程序：機器人設計用於一致且準確地執行任務，因為它們被編程以遵循特定的工作程序。這種精度在需要重複性任務或需要高度準確度的流程的行業中尤其有益。

選項 (3) : 機器人可以承擔骯髒和危險的工作：機器人可以用於危險或不理想的工作環境，例如涉及有毒材料、極端溫度或危險機械的環境。通過執行這些任務，機器人可以幫助減少對人類工人的風險，提高整個工作場所的安全性。

然而，選項 (2) 不正確：

選項 (2) : 機器人無法取代所有員工的工作：儘管機器人可以自動化特定任務並取代某些工作，但它們無法取代所有員工的工作。人類工人帶來創造力、同理心以及對於複雜或微妙情況的深刻理解，這些都是機器人難以複製的。許多工作需要這些人類特質，不能完全被機器人取代。

因此，正確答案是 B，只包括 (1) 和 (3)。