Particle model 

In solids, liquids and gases, the particles are arranged differently. Changes in a material's temperature or state of matter are caused by changes to the internal energy.  Gases take up more space than solids or liquids and their particles are moving much faster. The temperature, pressure and volume of gases are all related. 

Task 2c: Draw particle diagrams of solids, liquids and gases

Task 2d: Underneath your particle diagrams add four of the sentences  in the table to describe each of the states of matter

Task 3c: Make notes that:

• Explain why solids cannot be compressed

• Explain why liquids cannot be compressed

• Explain why gases can be compressed

Task 4b: Make notes that:

• Define:

  • Melting

  • Evaporating

  • Condensing

  • Freezing

• Compare evaporation and boiling

• Choose one change of state (melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation):

  • Give the state of matter at the beginning and end

  • Describe what you have to do the substance to cause the change of state

  • Describe what is happening to the particles (arrangement AND movement)

Task 4c: Watch the video and fill in the blanks:

The iodine crystals gained _____ energy. This caused the ____ iodine to change into a __.

This was unusual because state changes normally involve; ____, ____ and _____.

This process is called _________.

Task 4d: Complete the exam questions and mark your answers

Task 6d: Watch the video and explain why it would be dangerous to heat a completely sealed container of liquid nitrogen

Task 7b: Make notes that:

• Define diffusion

• Draw a diagram to help explain diffusion

• Explain why diffusion does not happen in solids

• Explain how temperature affects the rate of diffusion

Task 8b: Make notes that:

• Define gas pressure

• Describe how to change pressure

Task 8c: Watch the video and answer the questions:

• Draw diagrams to show the particles of water and air:

  • Before the water in the can was heated

  • While the water in the can was being heated

  • When the hot can was plunged into the cold water

• Explain why this happened

• Suggest why:

  • The water in the can had to be hot

  • The water in the bowl had to be cold

  • The can had to go into the bowl of water upside down

Task 9b: Make notes that:

• Define density 

• Give the equation to work out density

• Explain why solids have higher densities than gases. 

Task 9c: Use these results to calculate volume  and density. Remember:

• volume = length x width x depth 

• density = mass/volume

Task 10d:  Make a mind map or single page revision summary of this topic and add it to your revision folder

Complete the quizzes to make sure you understand this unit.