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At the lowest level, computers are built on transistors. Transistors are tiny switches that have two settings: on and off. A binary off is represented by a 0, and a binary on is represented by a 1. The current size of a transistor is approximately 1,4 nm long. Each transistor in a computer can store either a 0 or 1. A bit is the smallest measure of data in a computer and its equivalent to one transistor.
All digital data can be represented by bits. For example, the letter A is an abstraction of 010000010. Bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including but not limited to colors, characters, audio and pictures.
Number bases, including binary, decimal and hexadecimal, are used to represent and investigate data. There are simple mathematical rules that can be followed to convert numbers from any base to any base.
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