According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and behaviour. The DSM-5 outlines criteria for diagnosing ASD, including challenges in social interaction, communication, and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour or interests. There is often a range of intensity from mild to severe. 

Diagnosis will often specify:

• With or without accompanying intellectual impairment

• With or without accompanying language impairment

Inclusive Support Principles

We believe in creating environments where neurodivergent individuals are respected, empowered, and understood. These guiding principles shape our approach:

Presume Competence
Always assume individuals are capable of learning and communicating, even if they do so in nontraditional ways. Avoid deficit-based language such as "low functioning."

Respect Communication Differences
Accept all forms of communication including speech, AAC, sign language, and typing. Do not treat speech as the only valid method.

Support Autonomy and Self-Advocacy
Encourage choice-making and teach skills like asking for breaks or expressing needs.

Validate Stimming and Self-Regulation
Recognize stimming behaviors like rocking or fidgeting as healthy ways to self-regulate. Intervene only if the behavior is unsafe.

Create Sensory-Friendly Environments
Provide options such as noise-canceling headphones, soft lighting, and movement breaks. Minimize harsh lights, strong smells, and loud noises.

Use Strengths-Based Approaches
Focus on what individuals can do. Incorporate interests like trains, dinosaurs, or video games into learning.

De-emphasize Compliance-Based Models
Avoid strategies that prioritize control over understanding. Shift from compliance to connection and collaboration.

Support Flexible Routines and Transitions
Use visual schedules, countdowns, and advance warnings. Allow time for processing and adjustment.

Promote Inclusive Social Opportunities
Support meaningful social connections, even if they differ from neurotypical norms. Teach peers about acceptance and neurodiversity.

Collaborate with Individuals and Their Communities
Involve students and their communities in creating supports and making decisions.