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Name the outermost layer as Crust.
Name the two types of crusts: Oceanic and Continental
Understand that the Earth is made up of plates that move.
Understand that Earthquakes are caused by plate movements.
Describe how earthquakes occur.
Describe the different types of plate boundaries: Divergent, Convergent, Transform
Understand that NZ volcanoes are caused by Subduction or Hotspots.
Describe what is Subduction
Describe Hotspots
Compare and contrast the formation of subduction and hotspot volcanoes
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
The Layers Of Earth
The Layers Of Earth
The Earth has layers not unlike an onion and can be dissected to understand the physical and chemical properties of each layer and its influence on the rest of the Earth. Generally speaking, Earth has 4 layers:
1. The outer crust that we live on
2. The plastic-like mantle
3. The liquid outer core
4. The solid inner core
Video of three Plate boundaries
Video of three Plate boundaries
New Zealand's Plates
New Zealand's Plates
New Zealand’s volcanoes and earthquakes happen because we are in the collision zone where the edges of two plates meet (converge).
When major earthquakes and volcanoes are plotted on a world map they reveal that New Zealand is part of a huge "ring’ of volcanic and earthquake activity. The plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean are the most active in the world and this area is often referred to as the ‘Ring of Fire’.
Although the Pacific Plate is the world’s largest tectonic plate, the South Island is the only significant area of land on the whole plate making it a truly oceanic plate.
New Zealand: Where two tectonic plates collide!!!
New Zealand: Where two tectonic plates collide!!!
Occurrence of Earth quake
Slow slip event in New Zealand
New Zealand Earthquakes
New Zealand Earthquakes
Every year GNS Science locates over 15,000 earthquakes in New Zealand. About 100 – 150 of these quakes are large enough to be felt, - the others we only know about because they are recorded by seismographs.
Historic trends and records dating from the 1840s show that, on average, New Zealand can expect several magnitude 6 earthquakes every year, one magnitude 7 every 10 years, and a magnitude 8 every century.
Causes of Earthquakes.
New Zealand Volcanoes
New Zealand Volcanoes
New Zealand has a lot of active volcanoes and a high frequency of eruptions. There are three major types of volcano in New Zealand.Volcanic activity in New Zealand occurs in six areas, five in the North Island and one offshore in the Kermadec Islands.
Volcanoes in New Zealand are grouped into areas of more intensive and long-lived activity, whose position (and the composition of the lavas erupted) can be related to the large-scale movement of the tectonic plates in the New Zealand region.
Most New Zealand volcanism in the last 1.6 million years has occurred in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). The zone extends from Whakaari/White Island to Ruapehu. The Taupo Volcanic Zone is extremely active on a world scale: it includes three frequently active cone volcanoes (Ruapehu, Tongariro/Ngauruhoe, Whakaari/White Island), and two of the most productive calderas in the world (Okataina and Taupo).
VolcanoFactSheets Taupo.pdfVolcanoFactSheets_White Island2012.pdfVolcanoFactSheetsTongariro2012.pdfVolcanoFactSheets Taranaki.pdfesch056key.pdfSci2SFC1.pdfWorksheets on Volcanoes
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