Michael and Victoria stayed with relatives in the town of Holyoke until they were able to rent their own house. Holyoke is located in Western Massachusetts near Springfield.
Michael found a job working in the paper mills. There were no unions and no protection for workers, so it was not the best job to have. Plus, for Michael, there was a language barrier as he only knew a few words in English.
Down by the Connecticut River, in Ward 4 of Holyoke, there is a large Polish community.
As Steve describes, "It was almost like a Little Poland"
The predominant language in Ward 4 is Polish. For Victoria and Michael, this was a good incentive for them to stay in Holyoke. The transition to a new country is difficult enough without a language barrier.
There are a lot of Polish grocery and dining options in Ward 4. Some popular ones include Bernat's Polish Deli and Hanna's Diner and Deli Shoppe. The example above is from a Polish buffet held at the Pulaski Hall.Â
The Mater Dolorosa Parish church (shown above) is an example of a church designed for Polish immigrants in Holyoke. Many churches in Ward 4 are Polish-Catholic because of the community.
"I think in one way the US was welcoming because they could get work and had a neighborhood of people that were like them, but in the other, it wasn't welcoming because they didn't speak the language and they weren't generally accepted."
Centered are Shirley and Walter Walkowicz on their wedding day. To the right of them are Walter's parents, Michael Walkowicz and Victoria Hudyka. To the left of them are Shirley's parents, Henry Geissler and Mary Lally.
Michael and Victoria's grandson, Steve, calls his grandmother and grandfather "babci" and "dziadziu" respectively. Steve recalls that many years after his grandparents immigrated to the United States, "They still spoke very little English." Learning a new language anywhere is very difficult, and it makes it hard to communicate with other people. Michael and Victoria even had a communication barrier with their son, Walter (Steve's dad). Steve explains, "My father, who was born and raised in the United States, understood Polish but he never spoke it...His two older sisters, Chestra and Irene, would translate for him." This was very difficult. "His sisters were wonderful and helped him, but there was a lot of sadness, just like every family."
In addition, like many other immigrants, Michael and Victoria were stereotyped. There were a lot of "polack" jokes, which were "Jokes about how 'stupid' Polish people were." Although this is not true, in the US, Polish people (and other people who seemingly didn't fit in) were looked at as lesser than the average American. Even generations later, with its Americanized pronunciation, Steve was made fun of for his last name, "because it was perceived as different."
"Each generation seems to have more opportunities. I was the first person to go to college in my family and now all four of my kids are going. We see someone whose family may seem to have been here forever and we forget that the initial entry for their family into this new world is almost always a struggle."