At Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST), the curriculum follows the K-12 system, as outlined by Republic Act No. 10533, the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. This program prepares students with the skills and values needed for work, entrepreneurship, further studies, or skill development.
One key difference between the education systems in Indonesia and the Philippines is how secondary school is structured. In the Philippines, junior high lasts 4 years, followed by 2 years of senior high under the K-12 program. In Indonesia, both junior and senior high school are 3 years each, making a total of 6 years for secondary education.
Kindergarten
Elementary Education
Junior High School
Senior High School
The K-12 program in the Philippines was introduced in 2013 following the enactment of Republic Act No. 10533, also known as the "Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013."
It is called K-12 because the law enhanced the Philippine basic education system by improving the curriculum and extending the number of years in basic education. Before K-12, basic education in the Philippines consisted of six years of elementary education and four years of high school.
With the implementation of this law, the structure of basic education changed to include:
1 year of kindergarten,
6 years of elementary education,
4 years of junior high school, and
2 years of senior high school.
The K-12 program applies to both public and private educational institutions. In addition to extending the duration of basic education, the law also allows education to be delivered through alternative learning systems aside from regular schools. Student acceleration in public and private institutions is still permitted, following the Department of Education's rules and regulations.
The primary goal of the K-12 program is to produce 21st-century graduates equipped with core values and lifelong competencies to contribute to societal development and nation-building. The additional two years in Senior High School (SHS) offer graduates four life pathways:
Employment,
Entrepreneurship,
Higher education, and
Middle-level skills development.
Philosophical and Legal Basis of the K-12 Curriculum
The K-12 curriculum is grounded on the following philosophical and legal foundations:
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
B.P. 232, Education Act of 1982
The Four Pillars of Education (UNESCO)
The Vision-Mission Statement of the Department of Education
The 1991 EDCOM Report
Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA)
R.A. No. 9155, Philippine Governance Act.
I made a lesson plan for the topic of the second law of thermodynamics applications, specifically heat pumps and refrigerators.
At NEUST, the semi-detailed lesson plan format is commonly used. However, I adapted this plan for a third-year college lecture instead of a high school class. This lesson plan is a semi-detailed plan designed for 10th-grade students, focusing on the applications of the second law of thermodynamics through concepts like heat pumps and refrigerators. Here's my lesson plan example.
Objectives:
Compare heat pumps and refrigerators.
Explain how the second law of thermodynamics is applied.
Understand how this law impacts daily comfort and living conditions.
Learning Process:
Introduction: Begin with a prayer, attendance check, and review the first law of thermodynamics.
Activities: Engage students in a word-guessing game and a group experiment using a candle and a turbine to explore how heat engines work.
Explanation: Discuss the principles of heat engines, heat pumps, and refrigerators with visual aids.
Elaboration: Facilitate group discussions after watching videos on thermodynamics applications.
Evaluation: Use multiple-choice questions to assess understanding of the main concepts.
Extension: Assign research on entropy and its connection to the second law of thermodynamics.
This semi-detailed lesson plan strikes a balance between theory and hands-on activities, encourages collaboration, and highlights the relevance of physics in everyday life.
You can see my lesson plan here!