Science

Force and Motion

Newton's second law of motion is F=ma. Which is force equals mass times acceleration. So to get the force of something, you would multiply the mass and acceleration. The less force the less the object accelerates, and the mass and force applied effects the acceleration. If the mass increases but the force stays the same, it will not accelerate as high as before. And if you use more force the object will go faster/further. 

Newton's third law is for every action there is an equal reaction. It is called the law of Action and Reaction. Newton's three laws show how things react to forces. Newton's first law is how objects in motion will stay in motion and objects at rest will stay at rest. Newton's second law is how force, mass, and acceleration, effect the way that an object moves. And Newton's third law is showing how every action has a reaction. 

Inertia means the tendency for objects to resist a change in motion, and the more mass the harder the reaction will be. For example, if a car is going fast, and it comes to an abrupt stop, you will get pulled forward due to inertia, and you would have to have a counter reaction. And the mass, force, and acceleration will affect how hard you go forward and backwards. Including all three of Newton's Laws.

The electronic spectrum is a scale of different types of waves from radio to gamma waves. Scientist use these waves all the time for different reasons, we all use radio waves to communicate, like on radios, and walkie talkies. We use microwaves for warming up things like food, and we use visible light to see. Scientist use X-rays for scanning bones, ect. Amplitude is the height of the waves on the scale. It is from the middle to the top. Frequency is the length of the wave, how close they are or how far away they are. The wavelength is the distance between the top of two waves. The waves that have the longest wavelength are radio waves. The waves that have the shortest wavelength is gamma waves. The wavelengths are related to energy because as the wavelengths increase the energy decreases, and as the energy increases the wavelengths decrease. The waves that have the highest energy are gamma waves, and the waves that have the lowest energy are radio waves. 

Univers 

Stars are first born in nebulae. Then the nuclear fusion begins, it becomes a main sequence star, for millions or billions of years. When the fuel runs out, the star expands into a red giant or supergiant before ending as a white dwarf, neutron star, or supernova, or black hole. The mass determines what the stars life will look like. Stars are born in the nebulae, our sun was born there. It is now a main sequence star. And will become a red giant, then it will be a white dwarf. 

The HR diagram is the diagram that shows the stars brightness and temperature. The x axis is the temperature and the y axis is the brightness.  The four groups of stars are main sequence, which our sun is, blue giants, red giants, red supergiants, and white dwarfs. The relationships between the temperature and brightness for the main sequence is all over, because the main sequence is from the bottom right corner, to the top left corner. What is unique about the temperature on the x axis is that it goes from greatest to least, not least to the greatest, so hot to cold. 

The top left corner is bright and hot, the top right corner is cold and bright, the bottom left corner is hot and not bright, and the bottom right corner is cold and not bright. A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. The three toes of galaxies are spiral, elliptical, and irregular. You classify them by their shape and structure. The spiral is a bulge in the middle and has spiral arms. The irregular has no symmetrical, no central core of it, and stands out from the others. The elliptical has no star formation or any visible features. 

The difference between weather and climate is climate is average of the weather over a certain time period. The difference between high pressure and low pressure systems is high pressure has clear skies, and low pressure has rainy, and cloudy skies. The Cold fronts are cold with bad weather, and some form of precipitation. Warm fronts are warm, with clear skies and low thick clouds. Sun drives interactions between the atmosphere and hydrosphere to influence weather and climate on Earth by causing uneven heating to the surface, because the earth is not even, making the evaporation happen sporadically, and the convection currents made things harder.

Warm ocean waters and air masses work together to form tropical cyclones such as hurricanes or typhoons by using evaporation and condensation to fuel them. Matter is everything and anything that takes up space and has mass. An element is the atom that makes it up, and a compound is multiple elements together to make something. Heterogeneous mixture is not chemically bonded and can be undone. For example a salad. Homogeneous mixture is chemically bonded and is harder or cannot be separated. 

Acids have a sour taste, feel rough, and have a pH of anything under 7, bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and are anything greater than 7. pH 7 is neutral. An example of an acid in everyday life would be lemon juice, and an example of bases in everyday life would be baking soda.