Include various factories that use thermal power plants, refining plants, sulfuric acid manufacturing plants, and bunker C oil as fuel, as well as automobile exhaust gas.

Produced during high-temperature combustion in sources such as factory chimneys and car exhaust. When soil contains immature organic matter and its pH is below 5.0, nitrate bacteria can be formed. 

 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is mainly emitted from factory chimneys and car exhausts, is decomposed into nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen atoms (O) by photolysis. The oxygen atoms then combine with oxygen molecules (O2) to produce ozone (O3) gas.

They are emitted from various sources such as aluminum production plants, phosphate fertilizer plants, ceramic factories, glass factories, and red brick factories.

 They are emitted from various sources such as aluminum production plants, phosphate fertilizer plants, ceramic factories, Near industrial complexes and urban outskirts, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, and other gasses are often emitted simultaneously, and in most cases, these gas combine to cause damage to crops. Glass factories, and red brick factories. 

Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, and other gases emitted into the atmosphere can be absorbed by rainwater and create acid rain. Acid rain is defined as rain with a pH of 5.6 or below. When carbon dioxide (about 340 ppm) present in the atmosphere of unpolluted areas dissolves in water vapor in the air, the hydrogen ion concentration of the resulting carbonic acid is about 5.6.

 Harmful gases that can damage crops include sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, and chlorine gases.

  Particulate matter that scatters in the air is produced by combustion of fuels, automobile exhaust gases, and various construction sites.

 The environmental standard is an annual average of 70㎍/㎥ or less and a 24-hour average of 150㎍/㎥ or less.

  Carbon monoxide (CO) is a substance that is produced when fuel is burned in an oxygen-depleted state. It binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing the supply of oxygen and causing headaches and dizziness. The environmental standards for carbon monoxide are 9 ppm or less for 8 hours and 25 ppm or less for 1 hour.