Earth observation is the gathering of information about planet Earth's physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a collection of computer-based tools for organizing information from a variety of data sources to map and examine changes on Earth. It is designed to capture, store, manage, analyze, and visualize all types of geographical data.
MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities-z/earth-observation_en