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Students are able to demonstrate understanding of a physical system using energy concepts.
Students are able to demonstrate understanding of chemical reactions in context.
Students are able to demonstrate understanding of genetic variation in relation to an identified characteristic.
Explanatory Notes
Explanatory Notes
PESS1.4 Energy Concepts
PESS1.4 Energy Concepts
A physical system refers to a defined space with either an object or interacting objects.
A physical system refers to a defined space with either an object or interacting objects.
Examples of energy concepts include:
energy transfer
conservation of energy
forms of energy (mechanical, thermal, electrical).
Examples of physical properties or behaviour include:
the height of a falling object
motion
the resistance of a wire
the temperature of an object.
Examples of a physical system include:
vacuum flask
insulated home
simple electrical circuits
falling objects
lifting of objects.
CB1.2 Chemical Reactions
CB1.2 Chemical Reactions
Chemical reaction types are limited to:
neutralisation
combustion
precipitation
combination
decomposition.
Examples of a context include:
bacterial acid decaying a tooth is neutralized with toothpaste (neutralization)
fuel in a burner producing sooty smoke when burning (combustion)
phosphate chemicals in polluted waterways (precipitation)
iron and oxygen-degrading tools via rust (combination)
carbonic acid in soft drinks reacting to produce fizzy carbon dioxide gas (decomposition).
Examples of equations include the following:
generic word equations such as:
acid + base -> salt + waterchemical word equations such as:
hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide -> magnesium chloride + waterbalanced chemical (symbol) equations such as:
2HCl + Mg(OH)2 -> MgCl2 + 2H2O
CB1.3 Genetic Variations
CB1.3 Genetic Variations
Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation in relation to an identified characteristic involves:
describing the source and the nature of genetic variation using an identified characteristic. (A)
describing a purpose for identifying genetic relationships through the use of a gene-tracking methodology. (A)
explaining how and why the genetic variation occurs using an identified characteristic. (M)
explaining how the purpose of identifying genetic relationships through the use of a gene-tracking methodology is met. (M)
evaluating findings when genetic variation has been identified and tracked for the purpose of identifying genetic relationships. (E)
For the purpose of this achievement standard,
an identified characteristic refers to a trait with differences or similarities in phenotype or morphology.
a gene tracking methodology identifies the presence or absence of one or more genes, genetic markers, or DNA sequences within an individual or population.
a source is the origin or factor that significantly contributes to genetic variation.
Examples of a source of genetic variation for an individual include:
mutation
sexual reproduction.
Examples of a source of genetic variation for a population include:
small population size
differing rates of survival
migration
non-random mating
For the purpose of this achievement standard, nature is the effect or outcome, caused by a change in genetic variation over time, in an individual or population.
Examples of the nature of genetic variation include:
beneficial, due to increased resistance to disease for an individual or population
prevalence of albinism in populations of wild animals.
Previous Assessments
Previous Assessments
Students are able to demonstrate understanding of how the physical properties of materials inform their use.
Materials are groups of substances which share structural similarities.
Types of materials are limited to:
molecular substances, such as water and iodine
metallic solids, such as lead pipe, magnesium alloy wheels, and copper wire
ionic materials, such as nitrate fertilizers and salt
natural and synthetic polymers, such as DNA, proteins, and non-stick coatings on cookware
covalent networks, such as diamond and graphite.
Examples of physical properties include:
density
thermal and electrical conductivity
melting and boiling points
solubility in water
malleability and hardness.
Particles, the constituent components of materials, are limited to:
ions
molecules
electrons.
PESS 1.2 Physics Investigation
PESS 1.2 Physics Investigation
Students are able to demonstrate understanding of a physical phenomenon through investigation.
Examples of a physical phenomenon include:
dispersion in a prism
a falling object
the brightness of a lightbulb.
Examples of physics concepts include:
power
refraction
acceleration.
Examples of processed evidence include:
calculations
tables
graphs.
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