The Power system consisted of two 7.5V batteries connected in series, a fuse, a buck converter, and ground/power rails. We installed batteries on top so they could be easily accessible for replacement (Which became important when we needed a last-second recharge right before the competition). The power system also had an interrupting toggle switch, which allowed us to easily power the whole system on and off and reset our arduinos for testing.
PHINeas bot in week 1: ramp + drive only
Driving PHINeas consisted of 4 wheels with DC motors connected through 2 H bridges and connected to Arduino Uno. We opted for the simplest and most straightforward system that we could set up immediately.
Pros:
our robot was the first driving around lab
we could power motors from a single battery (7.5V)
Cons:
turning was way more complicated and unreliable compared to teams with holonomic wheels
both the wheels and motor shafts got worn during testing, robot started drifting randomly and unpredictably
The robot had a total of 4 ultrasonic sensors (2 left, 1 right, 1 back) and one tape sensor at the bottom front under ramp. The ultrasonic sensors were used to figure out position relative to walls based on distance and difference between readings (computing angle).
Pros: very easy setup, little need for calibration of sensors
Cons: inconsistent readings especially as robot turns
The shooting system had a single electrical compoent being a DC motor (+driver) which would turn for a set amount of time to make all 3 pucks shoot down the ramp. We had some issues with our robot not properly dispensing our third puck due to the conveyor sagging. We resolved this issue by elevating the back of the conveyor so that the final puck could crest the edge even with sag from the belt.
KiCAD did not have models for a lot of the components we used within the circuit so I (Hudson Hall, Power Extraordinaire) will be going through the step-by-step design of the power in order to help the reader get a good understanding. To start, I just hooked two of the 7.5V batteries in series to always ensure we would be able to power our H-bridge and motors. We had a net ground connected to the negative end of this series, and the positive end connected to our DC-DC Buck Converter. The buck converter allowed us to limit both voltage and current so as not to overload our arduinos or exceed our breadboard current capacity. The ground output of this buck converter was also plugged into our net ground securely to ensure that the ground was consistent throughout. From our Buck Converter, our power supply was plugged into the breadboard, which facilitated power directly into the 2 arduinos, 2 motor drivers, 3 ultrasonic sensors, and 1 line sensor. In addition to the general design, we also had a fuse right after the batteries in order to prevent any possible current overload into the robot/arduinos, and we added in an on/off switch after that to allow us easy resetting without needing to pull apart crimped wires all the time. The wire management wasn't perfect, but overall, I felt it was pretty good. You could track where each wire was going easily, and things were arranged so that you would always be able to find the connection.