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GOLDEN 111 RULES FOR SPOTTING OF ERRORS
Rule-1: Some nouns always take a singular verb.
Scenery, advice, information, machinery, stationery, furniture, abuse, fuel, rice, gram, issue, bedding, repair, news, mischief, poetry, business, economics, physics, mathematics, classics, ethics, athletics, innings, gallows.
Ex: 1. The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting.
2. He has given advices.
3. The Indian team defeated the English by innings.
4. Mathematics are a difficult subject.
Note: If you have to indicate that the number of news, advice, information or furniture is more than one, the examples listed can be followed.
1. I have a lot of news to tell you
2. He has sold many pieces of his furniture.
Rule-2: Some nouns are singular in form, but they are used as plural nouns and always take a plural verb.
Cattle, gentry, vermin, peasantry, artillery, people, clergy, company, police.
Ex: 1. The cattle is grazing in the ground.
2. The clergy is in the church.
Rule-3: Some nouns are always used in a plural for and always take a plural verb.
Trousers, scissors, spectacles, stockings, shots, goods, aims, premises, thanks, tidings, annals, chattels, etc.
Ex: 1. Where is my trousers?
2. Spectacles is now a costly item.
Rule-4: There are some nouns that indicate length, measure, money, weight or number. When they are preceded by a numeral, they remain unchanged in form.
Foot, metre, pair, score, dozen, head, year, hundred, thousand, million.
Ex: 1. It is a three-years degree course.
2.I have ten dozens of shoes.
Note: A compound noun (Numerical + Noun) is not used in plural if a noun does the work of an adjective i.e when they are followed by a noun or a pronoun.
Ex: He is ten year old.
This sari is nine yard long.
Rule-5: Collective nouns such as jury, public, team, committee, government, audience, orchestra, company, etc. are used both as singular and plural depending on the meaning. When these words indicate a unit, the verb is singular, otherwise the verb will be plural.
Ex: 1. The jury was divided in this case.
2. The team have not come as yet.
Rule-6: Some nouns have one meaning in the singular and another in the plural:
Advice=counsel advices=information
air=atmosphere airs=proud
authority=command authorities=persons in power
good=wise goods=property
iron=metal irons=fetters, chains
force=strength forces=army
content=satisfaction contents=things contained
physic =medicine physics=physical sciences
respect=regards respects=compliments
work=job works=compositions, factories
earning=income earnings=sowings
quarter=one-fourth quarters=houses.
Ex: 1. Air is necessary for human life.
2. It is bad to put on airs.
3. I have been eaten one quarter of the cake.
4. I live in the government quarters.
Rule-7: People are confused or they commit mistakes in the use of certain nouns.
(A) Lecturership is wrong; lectureship is correct.
(a) There are twenty candidates for lecturership.
(B) Freeship is wrong: free-studentship is correct.
(a) Ramesh has applied for freeship.
(C) Boarding is wrong; boarding house is correct.
(a) Mohan lives in a boarding.
(D) Family members is wrong; members of the family is correct.
(a) Vivek and Ramesh are my family members.
(E) English teacher is wrong; the teacher of English is correct.
(a) Dr Raina is our English teacher.
(F) Cousin-brother or sister is wrong; only cousin is correct
(a) Geeta is my cousin sister.
(G) Room in a compartment or a bench means unoccupied seat.
(a) There is no room on this bench.
(H) Ours, yours, hers, theirs are correct.
(a) This house is our’s.
Note: The same principle applies to ‘yours’, ‘hers’ and ‘theirs’.
(I) Wages means punishment when used in singular.
(a) The wages of sin is death.
(J) It also means charges for the labour when used in plural sense.
(b) The wages of daily workers have been raised.
Rule-8: Also remember the subtle differences in the usage of these pairs of nouns.
(A) The noun ‘habit’ applies only to an individual whereas ‘custom’ applies to a society or country.
(a) Poor children often become a victim of bad habits.
(b) Tribals in India have many interesting customs.
(B) ‘Cause’ produces a result, while ‘reason ‘explains or justifies a cause.
(a) Scientists try to find out the cause of a phenomenon.
(b) You have a good reason to be pleased with your students.
(C) ‘Man’ is used in ordinary sense while ‘gentlemen’ is a man of character.
(a) Man is moral
(b) He is a gentleman at large.
(D) ‘Men’ – plural of man; ‘people’ is used for persons.
(a) There are five men in the room
(b) The people of Bihar are simple.
(E) ‘Shade’ –a place sheltered from the Sun; ‘shadow’ –the shade of a distinct form or object.
(a) The villagers sat under the shade of trees.
(b) He is even afraid of his own shadow.
(F) ‘Cost’ –amount paid by the shopkeeper; ‘price’—amount paid by the customer.
(a) The cost of production of automobile items has gone up.
(b) Sometimes the buyers have to pay higher price for necessary items.
(G) ‘House’—a building to live in; ‘Home’ –one’s native place.
(a) Quarters are houses allotted to us for a definite period.
(b) My home town is Muzaffarpur.
(H) ‘Customer’—a buyer of goods; ‘Client’ – one who avails oneself of a service.
(a) The shopkeepers welcome customers with smiles.
(b) The lawyer discusses the cases of his clients.
Rule-9: A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person, number and gender.
For example:
Every man must bring his luggage.
All students must do their home work.
Each of the girls must carry her own bag.
Ex: 1. Each student must bring their books.
Rule-10: While using ‘everybody’, ‘anyone’, ‘anybody’, and ‘each’ the pronoun of the masculine or the feminine gender is used according to the content.
I shall be happy to help each of the boys in this practice.
But when the sex is not mentioned, we use the pronoun of the masculine gender.
Anyone can do this job if he tries.
Ex: 1. Each of the six boys in the class has finished their task.
Rule-11: The pronoun ‘one’ must be followed by ‘one’s.
Ex: 1. One must finish his task in time.
Rule-12: Enjoy, apply, resign, acquit, drive, exert, avail, pride, absent, etc. When used as transitive verbs, always take a reflexive pronoun after them. When ‘self’ is added to ‘my’, ‘your’,’ him’, ‘her’ and ‘it’ and ‘selves’ to our and them—they are known as reflexive pronouns.
Ex: 1. He absented from the class.
Rule-13: ‘Who’ denotes the subjects and ‘whom’ is used for the object?
Ex: 1. Whom do you think won the award?
2. Who are you taking to?
Rule-14: When two or more singular nouns are joined together by ‘either or’; ‘neither nor’; and ‘or’, the pronoun is singular.
Ex: 1. Either Ram or Shyam will give their book.
2. Neither Ramesh nor Rajendra has done their work.
Rule-15: When a singular and a plural noun are joined by ‘or’, ‘nor’, the pronoun must be plural.
Ex: 1. Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in his duty.
Rule-16: ‘Whose’ is used for living persons and ‘which’ for lifeless objects?
Ex: 1. Which photograph is lying there?
2. What book do you read?
Rule-17: ‘Each other’ is used when there are two subjects or objects and ‘one another’ when there are more than two.
Romeo and Juliet loved each other.
Those five friends, who are sitting there, love one another.
Ex: 1. All the students of the class are friendly; they love each other.
Rule-18: When a pronoun stands for a collective noun, it must be in the singular number and in the neuter gender if the collective noun is viewed as a whole.
The jury gave ‘its’ verdict.
Here the ‘jury’ gives the idea of one whole. If the collective noun conveys the idea of separate individuals comprising the whole, the pronoun standing for it must be plural.
The jury were divided in their opinions.
Here the ‘jury’ gives the idea of several individuals.
Ex: 1. The team are divided in this opinion about playing on Sunday.
Rule-19: If pronouns of different persons are to be used together in a sentence, the serial order of persons should be as follows: second person + third person + first person in a good normal sentence. But if a fault is to be confessed, the order will be: first person + second person + third person.
You he and I have finished the work.
(Normal sentence)
I, you and he are to blame.
(Confession)
Ex: 1.Ram, I and you have finished our studies.
Rule-20: ‘Some’ is used in affirmative sentences to express quantity or degree. ‘Any’ is used in negative or interrogative sentences.
I shall buy some apples.
I shall not buy any apples.
Have you bought any apples?
But “some” may be correctly used in interrogative sentences which are, in fact, requests.
Ex: 1. I shall read any book?
2. Have you bought some apples?
Rule-21: The use of ‘few’, ‘a few’, and ‘the few’ should be used with care. They denote ‘number’.
‘Few’ means ‘not many’. It is the opposite of many. A ‘few’ is positive and means ‘some at least’. It is the opposite of none. ‘The few’ means ‘whatever there is’.
Ex:1. A few men are free from fault.
Here the sense is negative and thus ‘a few’ is wrong.
Ex:1. Few boys will pass in the examination.
Here the sense is positive and thus ‘few’ is incorrect.
Ex: 1. I have already read a few books that are on the bookshelf.
Here the sense is ‘whatever there is’
Rule-22: Use of ‘less’ and ‘fewer’. ‘Less’ denotes quantity and ‘fewer’ denotes number.
Ex: 1. No less than fifty persons were killed.
Ex: 2. There are no fewer than five liters of water in the jug.
Rule-23: Use of little, a little, the little.
‘Little’ means ‘hardly any’.
Ex: 1. There is a little hope of his recovery.
‘A little’ means ‘some’, though not much
Ex: 1. Little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
‘The little’ means ‘not much but all there is’.
Ex: 1. A little milk that is in the pot may be used for the patient.
Rule-24: Use of elder, older.
‘Older’ refers to persons as well as things and is followed by ‘than’.
Ex: 1. Ram is elder than all other boys of this area.
‘Elder’ is used for members of the family.
Ex: 1. Suresh is my older brother.
Rule-25: Normally ‘than’ is used in the comparative degree, but with words like superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior and prefer ‘to’ is used.
Ex: 1. Shelley is junior than Wordsworth.
2. I prefer reading than sleeping.
Rule-26: When a comparison is made by using a comparative followed by ‘than’, the word ‘other’ must be used to exclude the thing compared from the class of things with which it is compared.
Ex: 1. He is stronger than any man.
‘Any man’ includes the man himself and thus the sentence will be absurd.
Rule-27: In some cases, the comparison is subtle and must be given proper attention.
Ex: 1.The climate of Ranchi is better than Gaya.
‘That of’ means ‘the climate of’.
If the traits are in plural, it will be ‘those of’.
The clothes of DCM are better than those of Mafatlal.
Ex: 2. The scenery of Kashmir is better than Shimla.
Rule-28: ‘Many a’ is always followed by the singular verb.
Ex: 1. Many a man were drowned in the sea.
Rule-29: If the subject is ‘the number of’ the singular verb is used.
Ex: 1. The number of students are very small.
If the subject is ‘a number of’, the plural verb is used.
Ex: 2. A number of books is missing.
Rule-30: When ‘as well as’. ‘along with, ‘together with’, ‘no less than’, ‘in addition to’, and ‘not’ and ‘with’ join two subjects, the verb will be according to the first subject.
Ex: 1. Ram, as well as his ten friends, are going.
2. The teacher, along with the students, were going.
Rule-31: ‘A great many’ is always followed by a plural noun and a plural verb.
Ex: 1. A great many student has been declared successful.
Rule-32: If two subjects are joined by ‘either or’, ‘neither nor’, the verb agrees with the subject that is near.
Ex: 1. Either Ramesh or I are to do this work.
2. Neither he nor his friends is reading.
Rule-33: When two singular nouns joined by ‘and’ point out the same thing or person, the verb will be singular.
Ex: 1. Bread and butter make a good breakfast.
2. The Collector and the District Magistrate are on leave.
Rule-34: ‘One of’ always takes a plural noun after it.
Ex: 1. It is one of the important day in my life.
Rule-35: Use of ‘not only’ and ‘but also’: Examine the sentences given below.
Ex: 1. He not only comes for swimming but also for coaching the learners.
Here the error is due to misplacement.
The expression ‘not only’ must be placed before the right world, otherwise the meaning changes. Here this expression is meant for swimming and not for coming.
Rule-36: ‘Scarcely’ and ‘hardly’ are followed by ‘when’ and not by ‘than’.
Ex: 1. I had scarcely entered the room than the phone rang.
Rule-37: ‘Though’ is followed by ‘yet’ and not by ‘but’.
Ex: 1. Though he is poor but he is honest.
Rule-38: ‘No sooner’ is followed by ‘than’.
Ex: 1. No sooner had I entered the class when the students stood up.
Attention must also be given to the verb form while using ‘no sooner than’. The correct forms are past perfect or past indefinite.
Ex: 1. No sooner had I entered the class than the students stand up.
Rule-39: ‘Lest’ must be followed by ‘Should’.
Ex: 1. Read regularly lest you will fail.
Rule-40: ‘Such’ is followed by ‘as’.
Ex: 1. He is such a writer that everybody should read his books.
‘Such’ is also followed by ‘that’ if we emphasise the degree of something by mentioning the result.
The extent of the disaster was such that the authorities were quite unable to cope.
Rule-41: ‘So’ is followed by ‘that’.
Ex: 1. Sarita was popular with her classmates that she always had some people coming to her for advice.
Rule-42: ‘Unless’ expresses a condition. It is always used in the negative sense. Thus ‘not’ is never used with ‘unless’.
Ex: Unless you do not labour hard, you will not pass.
Rule-43: Until expresses time. It has a negative sense and thus ‘not’ should never be used with it.
Ex: Wait here until I do not return.
Rule-44: ‘Since’ indicates a point of time and ‘for’ stands for the length of time.
Ex: He has been reading the book since two hours.
Two hours is a length of time and thus ‘for’ is correct.
Ex: it has been raining for Monday last.
Rule-45: ‘As if’ is used to convey the sense of pretension. When ‘as if’ is used in this sense, ‘were’ is used in all cases, even with third person singular.
Ex: He behaves as if he was a king.
The sense of time and tense is also very important. Certain important rules are listed below.
Rule-46: A past tense in the principal clause is followed by a past tense in the subordinate clause.
Ex: He saw that the clock has stopped.
There are, however, two exceptions to this rule:
(1) A past tense in the principal clause may be followed by a present tense in the subordinate clause, when it expresses a universal truth.
Ex: The teacher observed that the Earth moved round the Sun.
(2) When the subordinate clause is introduced by ‘than’, even if there is past tense in the principal clause, it may be followed by any tense required by the sense in the subordinate clause.
Ex: He helped him more than he helped his own children.
Rule-47: If two actions in a sentence are shown happening in the past, one after the other; the tense of the action happening first should be past perfect and that of the second should be past indefinite.
Ex: The patient died before the doctor arrived.
Rule-48: Two actions in the past, one depending on the other, should have the sequence as follows:
Past perfect + Future perfect
Had + past participle + would + have + past participle.
If you had worked hard, you would have succeeded in the examination.
Or
Had you worked hard, you would have succeeded in the examination.
Ex: If you would have practiced regularly, you would win the match.
Rule-49: If, in a sentence, two actions are indicated and both are to take place in future, the sequence of tenses will be as follows:
The principal clause in present indefinite: and the subordinate clause in future indefinite.
If I go to Delhi, I shall attend the seminar.
‘If I go to Delhi’ is the principal clause and ‘I shall attend the seminar’ is the subordinate clause.
Ex: If it will rain, I shall not attend the meeting.
Rule-50: When an action has taken place in two clauses of a sentence, it is used in both the clauses according to the requirement.
Ex: My brother has and is still doing excellent work for his organization.
Rule-51: When there is a sense of continuity that is, when a thing has taken place in the past and still continues in the present, the perfect continuous tense form of the verb should be used.
Ex: India is independent for the last forty six years.
The use of articles is also an important matter and one must be careful about it.
Rule-52: Before a consonant ‘a’ is used.
A boy, a horse, a woman.
But ‘a’ is also used before words like university, useful, unicorn, union, European, and one, etc., because these worlds begin with a consonant sound.
Ex: 1. Here is an University.
Ex: 2. An European lives in my area.
Ex: 3. It is an one-rupee note.
Rule-53: Similarly, words like ‘hour’, ‘honest’, ‘heir’, etc, take ‘an’ before them as they begin with a vowel sound.
Ex: I have been waiting for him for a hour.
Rule-54: Some important points to remember regarding the omission of a/an/the:
1. Before a common noun used in its widest sense, e.g.,
Man is mortal.
2. Before names of materials.
Bronze is a useful metal.
3. Usually before proper names.
Patna is the capital of Bihar.
4. Before abstract nouns used in general sense.
Beauty fascinates people.
5. Before languages
English is a very popular language in the Delhi University.
6. Before ‘school’, ‘college’, ‘church’, ‘bed’, ‘table’, ‘hospital’, ‘market’, and ‘prison’, when these places are visited or used for their common purpose.
My Christian friends go to the church every Sunday.
But ‘the’ is used with these world when we refer to them as a definite place, building, or object rather than to the normal activity that goes on there.
I met my friend at the church.
7. Before names of relations, like ‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘aunt’, ‘uncle’, ‘cook’, and ‘nurse’.
Father is very happy today.
8. Before predicative nouns denoting a unique position that is normally held at one time by one person only.
He was elected chairman of the Board.
Rule-55: Uses of ‘the’
1. When the object is unique.
The earth, the sky, the equator.
2. Before superlatives
The best, the finest, the most.
3. With proper nouns like ‘seas’, ‘rivers’, ‘group of islands’, ‘chains of mountains’, ‘deserts’, ‘newspapers’, ‘buildings’, ‘religious books’, ‘gulfs’.
The Arabian sea. The Ganges, The Taj Mahal.
The Times of India, The Ramayana.
4. Before a proper noun, when it is qualified by an adjective.
The immortal kalidas.
5. Before an adjective, when the noun is hidden.
The rich should be kind and helping.
6. Before, musical instruments.
I know how to play the harmonium.
7. With a class of things.
The crow is a clever bird.
8. ‘The’ should be used before both comparative degrees when they are used in a sentence for proportion.
Ex: Higher we go, cooler we feel.
Rule-56: ‘What to speak of’ is incorrect; the correct expression is ‘not to speak of’.
Ex: What to speak of running, he cannot even walk.
Rule-57: When there is the sense of dislike, hesitation, risk, etc., in a sentence, we should use a gerund instead of a verb. A gerund is that form of the verb which ends in ‘ing’ and can be used in the place of a noun.
Ex: 1. I dislike to see a film late in the night.
2. Young girls hesitate to talk to strangers.
Rule-58: ‘Cent per cent’ and ‘word by word’ are wrong. ‘Hundred per cent’ and ‘word for word’ are correct expressions.
Ex: 1. You are never cent per cent sure of your success in a competitive examination.
2. I can reproduce this lesson word by word.
Rule-59: ‘Since’, ‘because’, ‘as’, and ‘for’, -- all, mean ‘because’, but there is a difference in their degree. ‘Since’ and ‘because’ are used for stronger cases and ‘as’ and ‘for’ for weak cases.
Ex: 1. I respect him as he is my teacher.
2. I could not attend the meeting because it was very hot today.
Rule-60: Use of ‘when’ and ‘while’: Proper attention must be paid to these words. ‘When’ indicates a general sense and ‘while’ implies a time during the process of doing a work.
Ex: When learning to swim, one of the most important things is to relax.
Rule-61: Sometimes the error lies in the use of words. Proper attention must, therefore, be given to the appropriateness of words.
Ex: Prakash was leading a happy and leisurely life after his retirement from his service.
Here the word ‘leading’ is inappropriate.
Rule-62: If in a sentence an apposition has been used, the verb will follow not the apposition but the noun or pronoun preceding it.
Ex: You, my son, is a good boy.
Rule-63: Proper, abstract and material nouns have no plural except when they are used as common nouns.
Ex: The house is built of bricks.
When such nouns are used in the plural, they become common nouns with changed meanings; as
Coppers = Copper coins;
Iron = fetters.
Tins = can made of tin;
Woods = forest.
He lives in the woods. It means he lives in a forest.
Rule-64: Clauses in a sentence beginning with a relative pronoun (who, which, that) take a verb according to the noun or pronoun preceding the relative pronoun.
Ex: It is I who has done it.
Rule-65: The relative pronoun should be placed as near as possible to its antecedent so that no ambiguity arises.
Ex: The boy is my cousin who stood first in the mile race.
Rule-66: When two singular nouns joined by ‘and’ are preceded by ‘each’ or ‘every’ the pronoun used for them is singular.
Ex: Each Man and each boy is responsible for their action.
Rule-67: Sometimes a pronoun is used where it is not required at all.
Ex: He being an M.A., he is qualified for the post.
Rule-68: If a pronoun comes after a preposition it should be used in the objective case.
Ex: Between you and I neither of us is correct.
Rule-69: When a pronoun comes after ‘like’ and ‘unlike’ it takes an objective case.
Ex: A man like I will not do it.
Rule-70: A pronoun takes an objective case after ‘let’.
Ex: Let I do it.
Rule-71: Pronouns joined by ‘and’ remain in the same case.
Ex: 1. He and her are brother and sister.
2. He and me are friends.
Rule-72: When pronouns of second person and third person are used as subjects, the pronoun following them will be according to the second person pronoun.
Ex: You and he must bring his books.
Rule-73: When pronouns of second person and first person are used as subjects, the pronoun following them will be first person plural form.
Ex: You and I must finish your work in.
Rule-74: ‘But’ is also used as a relative pronoun. When a sentence has a negative noun or pronoun, ‘but’ can be used with it. In this case ‘but’ means: who not; that not.
Here was none but laughed to see the joker.
Here the meaning of ‘but laughed’ is ‘who did not laugh’.
Ex: There is no bird but flies.
Rule-75: The relative pronoun ‘that’ is used in preference to ‘who’ or ‘which’ after adjectives in the superlative degree.
Ex: 1. The wisest man who ever lived made mistakes.
2. This is the best which we can do.
Rule-76: The relative pronoun ‘that’ is also used in preference to ‘who’ and ‘which’ after words ‘all’, ‘same’, ‘any’, ‘none’, ‘nothing’, and (the) ‘only’.
Ex: 1. He is the same man who he has seen.
2. Man is the only animal who can talk.
Rule-77: The same rule applies after interrogative pronouns ‘who’ and ‘what’.
Ex: What is there which I do not know?
Rule-78: When there are two antecedents, a man and an animal or two things before the relative pronoun, we should use ‘that’.
Ex: The man and his dog which passed through this road were killed.
Rule-79: The case of the noun or pronoun preceding or succeeding the verb ‘to be’ should be the same.
Ex: 1. It is him who came to see us.
2. It is me who caught the thief.
Rule-80: When two qualities of a person or thing are compared ‘more’ or ‘less’ is used before the adjective and the adjective following them takes positive degree.
Ex: Suman is better than brave.
Rule-81: When two or more adjectives are used to show the qualities of the same man or thing, all the adjectives must be in the same degree.
Ex: 1. Sita is more intelligent and wise than Rita.
2. Ramesh is the wisest and strong boy of the class.
Rule-82: ‘Very’ is used with adjectives in the positive degree and with present participles.
Ex: 1. He is a much strong man.
2. It is a much interesting book.
‘Much’ is used with adjectives in the comparative degree and with past participles.
Ex: 1. He is very stronger than I am.
2. I am very obliged to my friend.
Rule-83: To show equality ‘as’ is used before and after the adjective.
Ex: I can run as fast, if not faster, than you.
Rule-84: Certain adjectives do not admit of comparison and thus they always remain in the positive degree:
‘Absolute’, ‘annual’, ‘chief’, ‘circular’, ‘complete’, ‘entire’, ‘extreme’, ‘excellent’, ‘full’, ‘impossible’, ‘perfect’, ‘right’, ‘round’, ‘unique’, ‘universal’, ‘whole’, etc.
Ex: This is the most unique building that I have seen.
Rule-85: ‘More than one’ indicates a plural sense, but it is treated as a sort of compound of one. Thus it agrees with a singular noun and takes a singular verb.
Ex: More than one employees were killed in the accident.
Rule-86: A verb must agree with its subject and not with the complement.
Ex: Our only guide at night were the stars.
Rule-87: If the plural subject denotes a definite amount or quantity taken as a whole, the verb is singular.
Ex: 1. Forty miles are a good distance.
2. Two-thirds of the book were rubbish.
Rule-88: The plural ‘heaps’ and ‘lots’ used colloquially for a great amount take a singular verb unless a plural noun with ‘of’ is added.
Ex: 1.There are lots of book.
2. There is lots of books to read.
Rule-89: When qualified by ‘each’ or ‘every’ two singular subjects, if even connected by ‘and’, take a singular verb.
Ex: Each boy and every girl were given rewards.
Rule-90: The following verbs are always followed by an infinitive: --------------------------
‘decide’, ‘plan’, ‘expect’, ‘fail’, ‘hope’, ‘intend’, ‘learn’, ‘promise’, ‘refuse’, ‘want’, ‘agree’, ‘consent’, ‘try’, ‘love’, etc.
Ex: I refuse meeting him.
Rule-91: The following verbs and phrases should be followed by a gerund which is verbal noun: ‘enjoy’, ‘admit’, ‘deny’, ‘appreciate’, ‘regret’, ‘avoid’, ‘help’, ‘consider’, ‘stop’, ‘looking forward to’, ‘accustomed to’, ‘is used to’, ‘do not mind’, ‘object to’, etc.
Ex: 1. I am looking forward to receive your reply.
2. He is used to work hard.
Rule-92: The word ‘to’ is frequently used with the infinitive, but is is not an essential part of it. For example, after certain verbs (‘bid’, ‘let’, ‘make’, ‘need’, ‘dare’, ‘see’, ‘hear’) we use the infinitive without to’.
Ex: 1. Bid him to go there.
2. Make him to stand.
3. I saw him cry.
Rule-93: The infinitive is used without ‘to’ after ‘had better’, ‘had rather’, ‘would rather’, ‘sooner than’ and ‘rather than’.
Ex: You had better to ask permission from him.
Rule-94: ‘Than’ should be used after ‘no other’.
Ex: 1. I met no other man but Mr. Roy.
2. Ram has no other claim except his degrees.
Rule-95: After the word ‘know’, ‘how’, or ‘when’ should be used before using an infinitive.
Ex: I know to write French.
Rule-96: A verb may take an infinitive or a gerund according to its implication. If the verb indicates a purpose, an infinitive should be used and if the verb indicates a cause, a gerund should be used.
Ex: 1. He went to school for seeing the principal.
2. He was turned out to copy answers.
Rule-97: Adverb ‘as’ is not used with verbs like ‘appointed’, ‘elected’, ‘considered’, ‘called’ but it is used with ‘regard’.
Ex: 1. He was elected as President of our society.
2. I regard Ramesh my friend.
Rule-98: After the verb ‘doubt’ ‘that’ should not be used. ‘If’ or ‘whether’ should be used in its place.
Ex: I doubt that Ravi will come.
Rule-99: Often a mistake is committed in the use of adjectives and adverbs. An adjective is correctly used with the verb when some quality of the subject, rather than of the action of the verb, is to be expressed.
Ex: The flower smelt sweetly.
Rule-100: It is a common practice in conversation to make a statement and ask for confirmation; as, ‘It’s very hot, isn’t it? Two points are to be kept in mind. If the statement is positive, the pattern will be.
Auxiliary + n’t + subject.
If the statement is negative, the pattern will be.
Auxiliary + subject
Ex: 1. It is raining, is it?
2. You are not busy, aren’t you?
The point to note here is that the question tag will always have the same verb form which we have in the main statement.
Ex: I have finished my work, didn’t I?
Rule-101: There are certain common errors which should be avoided.
(a) ‘The two first’ is a meaningless expression for it implies that two things may be first. We should say ‘the first two’.
Ex: The two first chapters of the novel are dull.
(b) ‘Only’ should be placed immediately before the word it qualifies.
Ex: He only lost his ticket in the stampede.
(c): An infinitive verb should not be split.
Ex: I request you to kindly help me.
(d): care should be taken in the use of verbs.
Ex: 1. The doctor saw the pulse of the patient.
2. He told the truth.
3. Do not speak a lie.
4. Our team made a goal.
5. He is taking a bath.
6. I tell my prayers in the morning.
Rule -102: After comparatively /relatively/enough – Positive degree is used.
Ex: 1. The wind is comparatively colder today.
2.He is smarter enough to get selected for this post.
Rule – 103: Fairly and Rather : Fairly and Rather is used in Positive Degree and Rather is used both in the comparative and positive degree.
But rather good, rather clever, rather pretty are used.
Rule – 104: Hard / Hardly: Hard means difficult / solid. Hardly means almost not.
Ex: It is hard to believe that he is guilty.
Rule – 105: Late / Lately: Late means near the end of a period of time. Lately means recently.
Ex: She married in her lately twenties.
Rule – 106: Else is followed by but not by than.
Ex:- It is nothing else than love.
Rule – 107: Still / Yet: Still is used in the affirmative sentences and yet in negative sentences.
Ex:- He has not still returned the money.
Rule - 108: Always, often, seldom, never, just, ever, usually, hardly, already, nearly etc are used before the main verb.
Ex:- I have told often him to write neatly.
Rule – 109: No adverb is used before “Quite”
Ex:- Ram is absolutely quite alone.
Rule – 110: Look at the rules of Prepositions.
Rule – 111: See the usage of Phrasal Verbs
SPOTTING OF ERRORS-I
1. By April next year (a)/I will have been (b) /working in this office(c)/for twenty years(d)/No error(e).
2. Saroj is not only involved (a)/in organising conferences and seminars (b)/but also in conducting(c)/adult literacy programmes(d)/No error(e).
3. By the time he gets back (a)/from his holidays (b)/the milkman has left(c)/twenty one bottles of milk outside his door (d)/No error(e).
4. If I would have realised (a)/what a bad shape our library is in(b)/I would have done something (c) to arrest the deterioration(d)/No error(e).
5. He was having a bath(a)/when the phone rang(b)/Very unwillingly he got out of the bath(c)/and went to answer it(d)/No error(e).
6. I found this ring(a)/ as I dig in the garden(b)/ It looks very old(c)/I wonder who it belonged to(d)/No error(e)
7. When I heard his knock (a)/I went to the door(b)/and opened it(c)/but I was not recognize him(d)/No error(e).
8. I have seen travelling by local trains(a)/since last several years(b)/ but have never experienced (c)/ such a horrible situation as this(d)/No error(e).
9. India today stands (a)/at crucial cross roads(b)/with its history(c)/as an independent nation(d)/No error(e)
10. Have you heard the news?(a)/Mahesh and Mala are engaged(b)/That is not nes(c)/I know it for ages(d)/No error(e).
11. A free press is not a privilege (a)/but the organic necessity (b)/in afree society(c)/No error(e).
12. Were he(a)/to see you(b)/he would have been surprised(c)/No error(d)
13. The number of marks carried by each question(a)/are indicated(b)/at the end of the question(c)/No error(d).
14. It is time(a)/we did something(b)/to stop road accidents(c)/No error(d).
15. An animal (a)/can be just as unhappy in a vast area(b)/or in a small one(c)/no error(d).
16. This is an excellent site (a)/for a stadium(b)/and which we should like to acquire(c)/No error(d).
17. If you absent from (a)/college name is likely(b)/to be struck off the rolls(c)/No error(d).
18. When I lived in England(a)/it was natural for me(b)/to speak a lot of English(c)/No error(d).
19. Neither he is (a)/nor his wife is (b)/coming(c)/No error(d).
20. Can you (a)/repair my watch(b)/until Tuesday(c)/No error(d).
21. Six kilometres(a)/are(b)/a(c)/long distance(d)/no error(e).
22. Either(a)/Ram or Shyam forgot(b)/to take(c)/their(d)/pen.No error(e).
23. The population of Calcutta(a)/is greater(b)/than Delhi(c)/although (d)/Delhi is the capital of India.No error (e).
24. An(a)/honest man is(b)/the noble (c)/work(d)/of God.No error(e).
25. To my(a)/surprise, this man whom(b)/I thought(c)/was crazy spoke quite sensibly(d)/No error(e).
26. The dealer who had(a)/sent three orders and (b)/two requests for(c)/window display were visited by our representative(d)/No error(e).
27. Of all(a)/the other students(b)/in the class, the teachers were unanimous(c)/that Rajesh was the most versatile(d)/ no error(e)
28. We can’t hardly(a)/believe that the situation is so serious as (b)/to justify(c)/such precautions as you have taken(d)/No error(e).
29. Nobody in their senses (a)/would have(b)/uttered(c)/such silly remarks(d)/No error(e).
30. He has requested to(a)/the manager once again to (b)/mediate in(c)/the dispute and help settle it(d)/No error(e).
31. Do not trouble(a)/yourself about writing to me(b)/unless you are quite(c) in the humour for it(d)/no error(e).
32. He has a scheme(a)/of his own which he thinks(b)/more preferable to (c)/that of any other person(d)/no error(e).
33. The photograph will give(a)/the reader a far better(b)/notion of the structure(c)/than any verbal description(d)/no error(e).
34. Scarcely had(a)/he gone(b)/when a policeman(c)/knocked at the door(d)/no error(e)
35. The results of the recognition(a)/of this fact are seen (b)/in the gradual improvement(c)/of the diet of the poor(d)/no error(e).
36. This picture(a)/is the best(b)/of the two(c)/no error(e).
37. The drawing room was a mess(a)/with all the furnitures(b)/scattered in total disarray(c)/no error(d).
38. No sooner did(a)/the doctor enter the house(b)/then the patient died(c)/no error(d).
39. As I prefer coffee than tea(a)/my friends always take the trouble(b)/to get me a cup of coffee, whenever I visit them(c)/no error(d).
40. I did ask him(a)/where you were(b)/but he didn’t tell me(c)/no error(d).
41. Those who are excessively careful(a)/for their health(b)/are not generally healthy(c)/no error(d).
42. There has been(a)/little change in the patient’s condition(b)/since he was moved to a special ward in the hospital(c)/no error(d).
43. Once we have agreed on(a)/the fundamentals, there will hardly be(b)/anything left to discuss about(c)/no error(d).
44. They cook meals(a)/lay the table and wash up,(b)/clean the house and mend the clothes(c)/no error(d).
45. I will waith for you(a)/at the office(b)/till you fininsh your work(c)/no error(d).
46. The gap between what he preaches(a)/and what he practises is too wide(b)/to accept by any sensible person(c)/no error(d).
47. The king was embarrassed(a)/to find evidences(b)/against his own queen(c)/no error(d).
48. While flying over India(a)/we had glimpses of the two sources of her culture(b)/Ganges and Himalayas(c)/no error(d).
49. They begged him(a)/not to go(b)/yet he was determined(c)/no error(d).
50. I don’t remember having met him before,(a)/although the voice sounds(b)/rather familiar to me(c)/no error(d).
51. Why some people don’t get(a)/what they deserve(b)/and why others get what they don’t deserve(c)/is a matter decided by luck(d)/no error(e).
52. The committee is thankful to Mr.Roy(a)/for preparing not only the main report(b)/but also for preparing(c)/the agenda notes and minutes(d)/no error(e).
53. By the time(a)/she finished typing(b)/it was not hardly ten(c)/no error(d).
54. In order to save petrol(a)/motorists must have to(b)/be very cautious(c)/while driving along the highways(d)/no error(e).
55. No country can long endure(a)/if its foundations(b)/were not laid deep(c)/in the material prosperity(d)/no error(e).
56. Due to certain inevitable circumstances(a)/the scheduled programme had to be(b)/post poned indefinite(c)/but the members could not be informed(d)/no error(e).
57. All three products help wean smokers(a)/from cigarettes by providing small doses(b)/to nicotine designed to replace the basic level(c)/of average smoker’s days’s nicotine consumption(d)/no error(e).
58. The main lesson is that(a)/the mosquito eradication campaigns(b)/such as the one of the French conducted(c)/needs to e followed up(d)/no error(e).
59. By arresting the local criminals(a)/and encouraging good people(b)/we can end(c)/hostilities of that area(d)/no error(e).
60. We admired three ways(a)/he had completed all his work(b)/and appreciation the method(c)/adopted him(d)/no error(e).
61. I was being astonished (a)/when I heard that(b)/he had left the country(c)/without informing anyone of us(d)/no error(e).
62. They decided to arrange a grand party on the eve of her retirement(a)/especially as she had been working for the firm(b)/since almost twenty years(c)/no error(d).
63. The Head of the Department along with his colleagues(a)/are coming to attend(b)/the conferences which is(c)/scheduled this afternoon(d)/no error(e).
64. Govind loved his Guru immediately(a)/and gave him fullest loyalty(b)/yet he had his own(c)/independent way of thinking(d)/no error(e).
65. In a very harsh tone(a)/he shouted at his servants(b)/and told them that(c)/he does not need their services(d)/no error(e).
66. This is an important differences in (a) that it marks the first move towards(b)/an institution for money-earning proposition(d)/no error(e).
67. Rahul is so rich that(a)/he is having four bungalows in Delhi(b)/and two in Bombay(c)/no error(d).
68. The ultimate problem of physics (a)/is to reduce matter by analysis(b)/to its lowest condition of divisibility(c)/no error(d).
69. I was astonished(a)/to find that I scarcely had(b)/enough money(c)/to pay the bills(d)/no error(e).
70. We cannot handle(a)/this complicated case today(b)/unless full details are not given(c) to us by now(d)/no error(e).
71. Even after worked in the office(a)/for as many as fifteen years(b)/he still does not understand(c)/the basic objectives of the work(d)/no error(e).
72. He was the one student(a)/whom we all expected(b)/would get the national scholarship(c)/no error(d).
73. Earlier this year(a)/Constantine had entered the news via a video-taped interview(b)/telecasted by a commercial television channel(c)/no error(d).
74. Neither the earthquake(a)/nor the subsequent fire(b)/ was able to dampen(c)/the spirit of the residents(d)/no error(e).
75. Our school is making(a)/every possible effort(b)/to provide best facilities(c)/land person attention for each child(d)/no error(e).
76. Our neighbours had repeated(a)/the same illogical sequence of activities(b)/if we had not brought the(c)/facts to their notice(d)/no error(e).
77. This has forced them to focus at(a)/how to reach and serve their customers(b)/rather than,say,pumping money(c)/into fancy graphics that look good in management meetings(d)/no error(e).
78. The loss of forests thus entail(a)/large social and economic costs(b)/the lives of more than one billion people(c)/are already affected by loss of this forest cover(d)/no error(e).
79. From the plane(a)/the houses looked as if (b)/they were toy houses(c)/no error(d).
80. Not one of the children(a)/has ever sand(b)/on any occasion(c)/in public before(d)/no error(e).
81. Reasonable ambition, if supported(a)/at persistent efforts(b)/is likely to yield(c)/the desired results(d)/no error(e).
82. I would have lost(a)/my luggage and other belongings(b)/if I would have left the compartment(c)/and gone out to fetch drinking water(d)/no error(e).
83. Whether this happens, and whether the BIFR will(a)/once again reconsider the Sirmour package(b)/are questions those will be(c)/answered in the coming months(d)/no error(e).
84. The extraordinary ability of the satellites to see, listen and communicate(a)/has made them integral with modern warfare(b)/and nuclear war strategies in particular(c)/no error(d).
85. We now look forward for(a)/some great achievements(b)which to some extent(c)/can restore the country’s prestige once again(d)/no error(e).
86. Honesty and integrity are(a)/the qualities which cannot be(b)/done away with(c)/and hence assume a lot of importance(d)/no error(e).
87. The foreign funds are cheaper than those(a)/available the domestic market and (b)/the company is competent(c)that/it will soon touch its earlier annual turnover(d)/no error(e).
88. He asked me(a)/if I am ill(b)/and I answered that I was not(c)/no error(d).
89. Honesty,integrity and being intelligent(a)/are the qualities which(b)/we look for when(c)/we interview applicants(d)/no error(e).
90. Not only the judges acquitted(a)/him of all the charges(b)/levelled against him, but(c)/also commended all his actions(d)/no error(e).
91. Thinking that he has finally found(a)/someone with similar interest(b)/the scholar tried to strike up a conversation(c)/no error(d).
92. One of the most effective(a)/solutions is that(b)/she should work on Sunday(c)/and complete the assignment(d)/no error(e).
93. Our system of assigning(a)/different jobs to different people(b)/should be based on(c)/their strengths and weakness(d)/no error(e).
94. There he stood on the dais,(a)/debunked the manner in which the company was run(b)/by the former chairman and managing director(c)/and promising higher growth and industry(d)/no error(e).
95. If you permit me to speak the truth(a)/I shall say without hesitation(b)/that you have done a mistake(c)/no error(d).
96. If he by-stander had not been(a)/familiar with first-aid techniques(b)/the driver which had met(c)/with the accident would have died(d)/no error(e).
97. He was the only influential(a)/person to be impressed(b)/by his scholarly(c)/deliberations(d)/no error(e).
98. This room would look much better(a)/if you put a furniture(b)/in that corner(c)/no error(d).
99. Some leaders feels(a)/that the use of English language(b)/will hamper(c)/the progress of the nation(d)/no error(e).
100.Sheela has scored a first class(a)/in her final exams(b)/isn’t it(c)/no error(d).
Spotting Of Errors-II
1. Neither I nor my secretary(a)/were informed(b)/of the cancellation(c)/of the meeting(d)/no error(e).
2. Her new dress was very pretty(a)/and all her colleagues gathered(b)/ around to admire it(c)/by the time she entered the office(d)/no error(e).
3. The planes(a)/immediately took off(b)/when war was declared(c)/with Pakistan(d)/no error(e).
4. The student along with few(a)/other students tried(b)/to man handle (c)/the Principal in his office(d)/no error(e).
5. Informations provided here(a)/is meant to add(b)/to your general knowledge(c)/, not to make you a doctor(d)/no error.
6. According to the information received(a)/each of the actors(b)/made their(c)/entrance on time(d)/no error.
7. One out of the many(a)/buses(b)/was empty(c)/but the engine was running(d)/no error(e).
8. If the Chief Minister(a)/will issue an appeal(b)/people will contribute(c)/liberally(d)/no error(e).
9. After doing his matriculation(a)/Rohan went for a world tour(b)/with his bicycle(c)/no error(d).
10. Until(a)/you come to class(b)/regularly(c)/you will fail(d)/no error(e).
11. Never I have listened(a)/to such beautiful music(b)/as the piece we heard on the radio(c)/last night(d)/no error(e).
12. A majority of the educationists(a)/believes that(b)/too many examinations(c)/are counterproductive(d)/no error(e).
13. Taking pity(a)/on the rat(b)/the sage transformed it(c)/into a dog(d)/no error(e).
14. This type of products (a)/is not available in(b)/any of the shop(c)/in the market around Batra(d)/no error(e).
15. This story is about a boy(a)/who meets a baby tiger in the jungle(b)/and(c)/became its friend(d)/no error(e).
16. It was difficult(a)/to persuade Ramesh to agree(b)/to read the newspaper(c)/to the blind man(d)/no error(e).
17. We heard him to say(a)/something disgraceful about his cousin(b)/ who had left the house(c)/ all of a sudden(d)/no error(e).
18. Both the children were playing(a)/in(b)/the sand and two fishermen were leaning(c)/against an uprooted boat(d)/no error.
19. He(a)/is coming(b)/to school(c)/regularly(d)/no error.
20. She did(a)/the work very well(b)however she showed no interest(c)/in anything beyond her assignment(d)/no error(e).
SPOTTING OF ERRORS-III
1. I have read very carefully the three first chapters of this book and I have just glanced through the rest of the novel.
2. Raju’s habit of delaying his work puts his colleagues to a lot of trouble.
3. Mahendra and his friend were going to see a picture when they met his common friend.
4. You had better rest for some days at a peaceful place.
5. Randhir as well as his three friends were invited to the Russian festival in Delhi.
6. The jury is divided in their decision.
7. He cut the plants with a scissor that were blunt.
8. The bus has arrived when we reached the stand.
9. The Chief Minister has just returned back from the centre.
10. Just between you and I these theories won’t work.
11. If the proprietor would have planned more carefully bankruptcy might have been avoided.
12. Being a well known scientist, he was invited to deliver a lecture on space missions.
13. If it were to rain, we shall be obliged to declare the open ait cultural programme cancelled for the time being.
14. How can two lakh people be occupied in only two tennis courts on four cricket fields.
15. As a doctor his reputation in the profession is greater than his elder brother.
16. He charged me on hundred rupees for five dozens oranges of average quality.
17. He told me that he has completed the task I had given him the previous day.
18. He tried as he could, Naveen did not succeed in getting his car to start up.
19. Foolishly Madhu threw some water on the electric heater when it catches fire and she got a shock.
20. Neither of the plans suits him and therefore he decided not to go out yesterday.
SPOTTING OF ERRORS- IV
- Now that she is living in her own flat, (a)/she cleans the windows, (b) twice a week in the summer and once a week in the winter. (c)/No error (d)
- The town isn‘t very well know (a)/ and there isn’t much to see, (b)/ so a few tourists come here (c)/ No error (d)
- The reason we have not been able to pay income tax (a) is due to fact (b)/ that we did not receive pay one time. (c)/ No error (d)
- All the furniture have been (a)/ sent to the new house (b)/located in a village (c)/No error (d)
- My brother-in-laws (a)/who live in Bombay (b)/have come to stay with us. (c)/No error (d)
- He could not plan his strategy (a)/ until he knew (b)/who his opponents could be. (c)/No error (d)
- The downfall of this kind (a)/is to be attributed to (b)/nothing else than pride. (c)/No error (d)
- Neither the famine (a)/or the subsequent fire (b)/was able to destroy the spirit of the people (c)/No error(d)
- The child (a)/ picked up a burned paper (b)/ from the street. (c)/No error (d)
- One of the drawbacks (a)/of modern education are (b)/that it does not encourage original thinking (c)/ No error (d)
- If I knew (a)/that my friend had planned to visit the town today, (b)/I would have made his stay comfortable. (c)/No error (d)
- Sharad was entrusted with (a)/the task of coordinating yesterday’s programme, (b)/but due to certain difficulties (c)/he does not do it. (d)/No error (e)
13. How long (a)/were you (b) learning English for? (c)/No error (d)
14. Coffee seeds (a)/ is dried and roasted (b)/ before they are ground into powder. (c)/No error (d)
15. The technician reminded (a)/them to have a (b)/thoroughly cleaning of the (c)/machine after each use. (d)/No error (e)
16. If I were (a)/in his shoes (b)/I would die with shame. (c)/No error (d)
17. Even many people (a)/carry an infection (b)/without showing its symptoms. (c)/No error (d)
18. My Father is (a)/in bad mood (b)/today. (c)/No error (d)
19. The majority of the (a)/computer professionals recommends (b)/that effective measures (c)/ should be taken against software piracy. (d)/No error (e)
20. A person I met (a)/in the theatre (b)/was the playwright himself. (c)/No error (d)
21. As he had taken only a few sips (a)/there was still little water (b)/left in the glass. (c)/No error (d)
22. To perform this experiment, (a)/drop little sugar (b)/into a glass of water. (c)/No error (d)
23. The recent study has (a)/indicated that there (b)/is perceptible change in (c)/the attitudes of the people. (d)/No error (d)
24. The bus could not (a)/ascent the steep hill (b)/because it was in the wrong gears. (c)/No error (d)
25. Had I come (a)/to know about (b) his difficulties (c)/I would have certainly helped. (d)/No error (e)
26. Our laxity in duty (a)/increases with our (b)/aversion for work. (c)/No error (d)
27. The trust plans (a)/to set on (b)/a special school for (c)/dumb and deaf children. (d)/No error (e)
28. We never buy any jam in the shops, (a)/because my wife makes all our jam from the fruit in our garden (b)/and it tastes much better than the jam from the shops, we think (c)/No error (d)
29. He won’t return the money (a)/that he borrowed, (b)/will he? (c)/No error (d)
30. The statement made by the writer (a)/appears to be incorrect (b)/as Gandhijee was never born in Ahmedabad. (c)/No error (d)
31. I can’t (a)/afford to pay (b)/that much for it. (c)/No error (d)
32. He makes it clear in the very first novel (a)/of this period that (b)/he sees his life and work on dramatic terms. (c)/No error (d)
33. Even though the shirt is rather expensive (a)/but I wish to (b)/purchase it with my own money. (c)/ No error (d)
34. While going (a)/through the report (b)/ yesterday I find (c)/several mistakes. (d)/No error (e)
35. The road (a)/famous monument (b)/passes through a forest. (c)/No error (d)
36. According to the Bible (a)/it is meek and humble (b)/ who shall inherit the earth. (c)/No error (d)
37. Troy was taken by Greeks (a)/this formed the basis of a story (b)/which was become famous.)c)/No erro(d)
38. He was fascinated by insects (a)/and the more he studied their habits (b)/greater was his fascination. (c)/No error (d)
39. The polling was marred (a)/at many a place (b)/by ‘attempts a rigging. (c)/No error (d)
40. Mr. Sunil Pawar, our representative, (a)/he will attend the meeting (b)/on our behalf. (c)/No error (d)
41. If the teacher is good (a)/the students (b)/will respond (c)/positively to them. (d)/No error (e)
42. Whatever work (a)/that which you undertake (b)/put your best efforts (c)/in it. (d)/No error (e)
43. It is the duty of every right thinking citizen (a)/to try to make the whole world (b)/a happier place to live. (c)/No error (d).
44. After opening the door (a)/we entered into the room (b)/next to the kitchen.b (c)No error (d)
45. They walked (a)/ besides each other (b)/in silence. (c)/No error (d)
46.The students were (a)/awaiting for (b)/the arrival of the chief guest. (c)/No error (d)
47. He fixed a metal ladder (a)/for the wall below his window (b)/so as to be able to (c)/escape if there was a fire. (d)/No error (e)
48. I offered him part-time work (a) but he turned it over (b)/saying that he would (c)/rather wait for a full-time job. (d)/No error (e)
49. The Hindi and the Marathi are (a)/different forms of the Sanskrit language, (b)/which were once spoken (c)/in almost every part of India. (d)No error (e)
50. After toiling very hardly (a)/over a long period of time (b)/he found that people recognized him as a successful person. (c)/No error (d)
51. He speaks (a)/not only Tamil (b)/but Telugu as well. (c)/No error (d)
52. I have been travelling by local trains (a)/since last several years (b)/had never experienced (c)/such a horrible situation as this. (d)/No error (e)
53. If I would have realised (a)/what a bad shape our library is in (b)/I would have done something (c)/to arrest the deterioration. (d)/No error (e)
54. May I (a)/ know who you want (b)/to see please. (c)/No error (d)
55. It is not difficult to believe that a man (a)/who has lived in this city for a long time (b)/he will never feel at home anywhere else in the world. (c)/No error (d)
56. The party chief made it a point to state that (a)/the Prime Minister and the Union Home Minister should also come (b)/and they see what his party men had seen. (c)/No error (d)
57. Myself and Gopalan (a)/will take care of (b)/the function on Sunday. (c)/No error (d)
58. On a holiday (a)/Madhu prefers reading (b)/that going out visiting friends (c)/No error (d)
59. A large scale exchange of nuclear weapons (a)/will produce unprecedented amounts of radiation (b)/that can penetrate into the biological tissue. (c)/No error (d)
60. Considering about these facts (a)/the principal has offered (b)/him a seat. (c)/No error (d)
61. The student (a) answered to (b)/the question (c)/asked by the inspector of school. (d)/No error (e)
62. All the boys (a)/returned back home (b)/will in time for lunch. (c)/No error (d)
63. A group of friends (a)/want to visit (b)/the new plant as early as possible. (c)/No error (d)
64. One of the members (a)/expressed doubt if (b)/the Minister was an atheist. (c)/No error (d)
65. The reason why (a)/he was rejected (b)/was because he was too young. (c)No error (d)
66. Although we reached his house on time (a)/he was left (b)/for the airport. (c)/No error (d)
67. He has seen (a)/the picture (b)/yesterday. (c) No error (d)
68. If a thing (a)/ is worth doing at all (b)/it is worth done well. (c)/No error (d)
69. Our system of assigning (a)/different jobs to different people (b)/should be based on (c)/their strengths and weaknesses. (d)/No error (e)
70. Reasonable ambition, if supported (a)/at president efforts, (b)/is likely to yield (c)/the desired results. (d)/No error (e)
71. This is an important difference in (a)/that it marks the first move towards (b)/professionalizing the sport and turning it into (c)/an institution money-earning proposition. (d) No error (e)
72. All three products help wean smokers (a)/from cigarettes by providing small doses (b)/of nicotine designed to replace the basic level (c)/of average smoker’s day’s nicotine consumption (d)
73. The ultimate problem of physics (a)/is to reduce matter by analysis (b)/to its lowest condition of divisibility. (c)/No error (d)
74. As a nation we neither impress the belligerent (a)/or inspire the lovers of peace, (b)/the speaker added. (c)/No error (d)
75. If the by-stander had not been (a)/familiar with first-aid techniques, (b)/the driver which had met (c)/with the accident would have died. (d)/No error (e)
76. By arresting the local criminals (a)/and encouraging good people, (b)/we can end (c)/hostilities of the area (d)/No error (e)
77. We admired to way (a)/he had completed all his work (b)/and appreciating the method (c)/adopted by him. (d)/No error (e)
78. Not only judges acquitted (a)/him of all the charges (b)/leveled against him, but (c)/also commended all his actions. (d)/No error (e)
79. We do not know where he was educated (a)/or what did he do to earn his bread at that time (b)/ because history is silent about his early life. (c)No error (d)
80. Under the present circumstances, (a)/sanctioning another post for the organization (b)/is out of question. (c)/No error (d)
81. If you permit me to speak the truth, (a)/I shall say without hesitation (b) that you have done a mistake. (c)/No error (d)
82. By the time (a)/she finished typing (b)/it was not hardly ten (c)/No error (d)
83. A picture of (a)/one of the progenitors (b)/of the founder (c)/of the company hanged (d)/on the wall. (e)/No error (f)
84. Lost in thought, (a)/with a vacant look (b)/in the eyes, (c)/he laid (d)/on the couch. (e)/No error (f)
85. In spite of toiling (a)/very hardly he (b)/realised that he had (c)/not earned anything substantial. (d)/No error (e)
86. We have observed that (a)/many good programmers (b)/suffer of shortage (c)/of funds and other resources. (d)/No error (e)
87. The principal indicated that (a)/the issue of improved quality of teaching (b)/in the college were high (c) in his list of priorities. (d)/No error (e)
88. Unless you take (a)/interest into the studies (b)/you will not succeed (c)/in the examination (d) No error (e)
SPOTTING OF ERRORS- V
1. You can not withdraw (a)/ all your money until (b)/ you give a prior notice. (c)/ No error (d)
2. You should behave with others (a)/ the same way which you (b)/ would expect them to behave with you. (c)/ No error (d)
3. Either he nor his brother (a)/ was informed about the venue (b)/ of the meeting of our society. (c)/ No error (d)
4. He not only believes (a)/ in hard work but also (b)/ in honesty of the highest order. (c)/ No error (d)
5. No sooner did she (a)/ reach the station (b)/ then it started raining. (c)/ No error (d)
6. The captain and his wife (a)/ were invited for the (b)/cultural function at my home. (c)/ No error (d)
7. He tried (a)/ to open the can (b)/ by a can opener. (c)/ No error. (d)
8. Let no one (a)/ remain with doubt that (b)/ India is getting stronger and stronger. (c)/ No error (d)
9. When the students reached late (a)/ the teacher objected their entering the class (b)/ without his permission. (c)/No error (d)
10. Sheela advised to her (a)/ child not to play (b)/ with the ball on the road. (c)/ No error (d)
11. The expert mason reported (a)/ to the owner of the hotel that (b)/ there was no question of the wall's falling down.(c)/ No error (d)
12. ‘‘This blade's edge is sharper (a)/ than any other blades's,’’ (b)/ said the representative of the company.(c)/ No error (d)
13. Your son's-in law's friend is serioulsy ill and (a)/ he wants you (b)/ to see him as soon as possible. (c)/ No error (d)
14. You know it well that your success in life (a)/ depends not on my advice (b)/ but on somebody's else. (c)/ No error (d)
15. He suggested to me (a)/ that I should go to nursery (b)/ to bring some beautiful summer's flowers. (c)/ No error (d)
16. No sooner we entered (a)/ than he got up (b)/ and left the room. (c)/ No error. (d)
17. He ultimately decided (a)/ to willingly and cheerfully accept (b)/ the responsibility entrusted to him. (c)/ No error (d)
18. Harish is (a)/ very much willing (b)/to come with you. (c)/No error (d)
19. Mahesh thought that he would pass (a)/ in the examination although he did not (b)/ answer most of the questions correct. (c)/ No error (d)
20. Kunal's father advised him (a)/ not to ride the motorcycly (b)/ lately at night. (c)/ No error (d)
21. Looking into the situation (a)/ that prevailed a few years ago (b)/ he was taken that decision. (c)/ No erro(d)
22. If you had not come in time (a)/ the child would have taken (b)/ by the dacoits. (c)/ No error (d)
23. I knew our college library was run chaotically (a)/ but only recently did I discover (b)/ how bad the situation is. (c)/ No error (d)
24. They talked for a while (a)/ and then they will continue to play (b)/ the game till tomorrow morning. (c)/ No error(d)
25. We got everything ready (a)/ for all of them (b)/ long before they arrived. (c)/ No error (d)
26. He looks more depressed (a)/ than her but I don't (b)/know the reason. (c)/ No error (d)
27. The person which was (a)/ recommended for the position (b)/ did not fulfil the prescribed qualifications. (c)/ No error (d)
28. Between you and I (a)/ he probably (b)/ won't come at all. (c)/ No error (d)
29. If all of you quarral (a)/ among yourself we shal not (b)/ be able to solve your problems. (c)/ No error (d)
30. They have invited Ramesh and I (a/ to the function (b)/ to be held in the next month. (c)/ No error (d)
31. We should drink several glasses (a)/ of the water daily (b)/ if we want to remain healthy. (c)/ No error (d)
32. Children who have had (a)/ good Pre-School Education are most likely (b)/ to out do other children at school. (c)/No error (d)
33. On my request Jatin (a)/ introduced me to his friend (b)/ who is singer and scientist. (c)/ No error (d)
34. The burglars were caught just as (a)/ they were about to (b)/ escape from the jail. (c)/ No error (d)
35. The teacher drew (a)/ and attention of the boys (b)/ to the importance of regular practise. (c)/ No error (d)
36. He has brought (a)/ four breads (b)/ for lunch today. (c)/ No error (d)
37. This data are (a)/ very useful to arrive (b)/ at correct conclusion. (c)/ No error (d)
38. ‘‘I have never seen (a)/ such a lovely spectacles in my life,’’ (b)/said the passer by. (c)/ No error (d)
39. When you see his offsprings (a)/ you can't (b)/ believe that he is above seventy. (c)/ No error (d)
40. An earthquake (a)/ is a natural phenomena (b)/ and nobody can check it, be sure. (c)/ No error (d)
41. The Secretary of the worker's union remarked that (a)/ the present government is so selfish that (b)/ it cared very little about solving anyone else's problem. (c)/ No error (d)
42. Please explain to me (a)/ how is a digital computer different (b)/ from an analogue computer. (c)/ No error(d)
43. We had swam (a)/ across the river (b)/ before the sunset. (c)/ No error (d)
44. The Secretary and Treasurer (a)/ were not present (b)/ at today's meeting. (c)/ No error (d)
45. Neither Rakesh nor I (a)/ are leaving (b)/ for Hyderabad. (c)/ No error (d)
46. My book is superior (a)/ than yours although it has (b)/ cost me much less. (c)/ No error (d)
47. When Charles was in hospital (a)/ his sister sent (b)much fruit then his uncle. (c)/ No error (d)
48. Dilip's performance in the film (a)/ was worst than Amit's (b)/ but was not as bad as Vinod's. (c)/ No error (d)
49. The teacher said that (a)/ Ajay was capable of (b)/ doing more better work. (c)/ No error (d)
50. A severe cold (a)/ Prevented the president (b)/ being present (c)/ at the function (d)
51. After he had read the two first chapters (a)/ of the novel, he felt like (b)/ reading the book at one sitting. (c)/ No error (d)
52. The girl said that (a)/ she preferred the blue gown (b)/ than the black one. (c)/ No error (d)
53. Raju cannot walk (a)/ much than two miles (b)/ at a stretch. (c)/ No error. (d)
54. I often give him money (a)/ and I gave him few (b)/ yesterday also. (c)/ No error. (d)
55. It is always easy (a)/ to talk about a thing (b)/ than to do it ourselves. (c)/ No error (d)
56. The doctor advised him (a)/ to give off smoking (b)/ but he did not pay any heed. (c)/ No error (d)
57. Their father has left (a)/ behind a huge sum to be (b)/ distributed among the two brothers. (c)/ No error (d)
58. No effort has been made (a)/ at all to cash on (b)/ the refurnished image of Indian tennis. (c)/ No error (d)
59. The elegantly designed collection (a)/ for ladies has an emphasis (b)/ with style, variety and colour. (c)/ No error (d)
60. As soon as he reached the venue (a)/ he enquired from the supervisor (b)/ about the closing time of the examinaiton. (c)/ No error (d)
61. The table's wood (a)/ is infested with mite (b)/ and I am likely to dispose it of (c)/ No error (d)
62. The finance Minister (a)/ boasts of improving (b)/ the economic condition of the country's. (c)/ No error (d)
63. He told her that (a)/ he had ever seen her (b)/ with his mind's eye. (c)/ No error (d)
64. Unfortunately for me (a)/ the root cause of my frustration (b)/ lies in the Government dubious policy. (c)/ No error (d)
65. I have read (a)/ many plays of Shaw's (b)/ who is called the Shakespeare of our age (c)/ No error (d)
66. We have carefully considered (a)/ the Impotence of issues (b)/ raised in the report. (c)/ No error (d)
67. Every man, woman and Child (a)/ is now aware of the terrible consequences (b)/ of habit of smoking. (c)/ No error (d)
68. Ravi prefers self-employment (a)/ to job in (b)/ any office. (c)/ No error (d)
69. In a fit of temper (a)/ he tore up a sweet letter (b)/ which his wife had written to him. (c)/ No error (d)
70. He used very inaccurate (a)/ language for (b)/ he knew no better. (c)/ No error (d)
71. The gentleman (a)/ together with his wife (b)/ and daughter were drowned. (c)/ No error (d)
72. It is in 1929 (a)/ that we first (b)/ flew to the United States. (c)/ No error (d)
73. Our country need (a)/ a number of self sacrificing (b)/ devoted political leaders. (c)/ No error (d)
74. The issues are complex (a)/ and has been obscured (b)/ by other factors. (c)/ No error (d)
75. He reminded me that (a)/ he has often told me (b)/ not to play with fire. (c)/ No error (d)
76. The taxi driver who had come (a)/ to receive us at the airport (b)/ was speaking fluently French. (c)/ No error (d)
77. The only criteria (a)/ to judge (b)/ a person (c)/ is to observe his behaviour (d)
78. We are confident enough (a)/ to earn our livelihood (b)/ by toiling hardly. (c)/ No error (d)
79. The observers feel that the stronger team (a)/ has to face defeat because (b)/ the players don't play whole hearted. (c)/ No error (d)
80. You seem to be (a)/ enough rich to buy (b)/ anything you like. (c)/ No error (d)
81. Radha came (a)/ to the meeting much later (b)/ than I expect. (c)/ No error (d)
82. I have been working (a)/ for this organisation (b)/ for the last ten years. (c)/ No error (d)
83. I know he is having (a)/ a lot of books on (b)/ how to improve English. (c)/ No error (d)
84. If it snowed (a)/ tomorrow we'll (b)/ go for skating. (c)/ No error (d)
85. He told me that (a)/ he wrote a letter (b)/ to his superior for a certain reason. (c)/ No error (d)
86. Cattles were (a)/ grazing in the meadows (b)/ near our farm. (c)/ No error (d)
87. The information supplied to us (a)/ were not as useful as (b)/ we first thought it would be. (c)/ No error (d)
88. It was evident (a)/ to me that there (b)/ was any mistake (c)/ in that account (d)
89. The audience (a)/ are requested (b)/ to be in its seats. (c)/ No error (d)
90. He says that (a)/ a two miles walk (b)/ always keeps him healthy and fresh. (c)/ No error (d)
91. The guide told us that (a)/ where the island was (b)/ and went on narrating its history. (c)/ No error (d)
92. How do you say that (a)/ neither he or Ramesh (b)/ has qualified in the examinaion. (c)/ No error (d)
93. Unless you return (a)/ his book he will (b)/ not talk to you. (c)/ No error (d)
94. He neither gave satisfaction (a)/ as a cook (b)/ nor as a chauffeur. (c)/ No error (d)
95. Hardly had I reached (a)/ the airport where I learnt (b)/ about the powerful bomb explosion. (c)/ No error (d)
96. If you are good to people (a)/ you will be treated (b)/ well by themselves. (c)/ No error (d)
97. This is one company who not only sells (a)/ its products but also gives (b)/ good after sales service. (c)/ No error (d)
98. I asked him (a)/ whom he thought would be (b)/ able to get the first prize. (c)/ No error (d)
99. They visited the place (a)/ because they wanted to see for themself (b)/ the damage caused by the floods. (c)/ No error (d)
100. There should be (a)/ no misunderstanding (b)/ between your father and she. (c)/ No error (d)
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