Embedded Files
The dataset is currently accessible via Zenodo. The working dataset, as described the below video or in "notes of the dataset ", are available upon request (Dr. Corina Schulze, cschulze@southalabama.edu). The dataset notes page has been updated to document significant changes to the data that are not readily apparent from the Excel spreadsheet alone.
Citation Preference and copy right information provided in the drop down menu:
Preferred citation if you want to cite all versions (or you aren't sure): Corina Schulze. (2025). The women's executions database [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17487467
For specific versions as identified by date, see https://zenodo.org/records/15867265.
The Women's Executions Database © 2024 by Corina Schulze is licensed under CC BY 4.0. license
Variables 0-2, 5-6, 14, 19-22 (also contained in WEB) were completed for publication in the journal "Sexes." The data are found in the link "Introducing the Women's Executions Project [...]."
Click on figure for a larger version of the Research Flowchart. I will be providing an updated flowchart that reflects my rechecking all of my work using the original Espy index cards as a starting point
A selection of additional resources used for WEB
Also noted in the dataset
Baker, D. V. (2007). American Indian executions in historical context. Criminal Justice Studies, 20(4), 315–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786010701758138
Bailey, E. (1896). History of Danbury.
(Referenced via Espy Papers; archival reproduction, University at Albany).
Block, W. T. (1978, September 13). Myth of Texas executions debunked. Beaumont Enterprise.
Browning, C. H. (1912). Welsh settlement of Pennsylvania. W. J. Campbell.
Burbey, L. H. (1938). History of execution in Michigan. Michigan History Magazine, 22.
Burt, O. W. (1958). American ballads of murder. Oxford University Press.
Clark, R. H. (1898). Memoirs of Judge Richard H. Clark (L. B. Wylie, Ed.).
https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/georgiabooks/do-pdf:gb0442
Deakin, J. (1990). A grave for Bobby: The Greenlease slaying. William Morrow.
Dexter, F. B. (Ed.). (1919). Ancient town records: New Haven town records, 1649–1684 (Vol. 2). New Haven Colony Historical Society. (Original work published 1917)
Ellefson, C. A. (2010). The private punishment of servants and slaves in eighteenth-century Maryland. SUNY Cortland.
Goodheart, L. B. (2020). Female capital punishment: From the gallows to unofficial abolition in Connecticut (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367463793
Hall, D. D. (2005). Witch-hunting in seventeenth-century New England: A documentary history, 1638–1693 (2nd ed.). Duke University Press.
Hale, J. (1702). A modest enquiry into the nature of witchcraft. B. Green & J. Allen.
Harris, C. (1970). Public gaol historical report, Block 27 Building 2 (Originally titled A manual for the public gaol). Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report Series No. 1628.
https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/view/index.cfm?doc=ResearchReports%5CRR1628.xml
Hearn, D. A. (2007). Legal executions in New England: A comprehensive reference, 1623–1960. McFarland.
Jones, A. (2009). Women who kill. The Feminist Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/10609
Koehler, L. (1974). The case of the American Jezebels: Anne Hutchinson and female agitation during the years of antinomian turmoil, 1636–1640. William and Mary Quarterly, 31(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/1918982
Love, W. D. (1914). The colonial history of Hartford, gathered from the original records. William DeLoss Love.
McLaurin, M. (1998). Celia, a slave. Avon Books.
Meacham, C. M. (1930). A history of Christian County, Kentucky, from oxcart to airplane. Marshall & Bruce.
Miller, S. (2022). Hanged! Mary Surratt and the plot to assassinate Abraham Lincoln. Random House Children’s Books.
Navas, D. (1999). Murdered by his wife: Crime and punishment in eighteenth-century Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts Press.
Records of the Salem Witchcraft. (1864). Copied from the original documents. Privately printed for W. E. Woodward.
Robinson, E. (1991). The devil discovered: Salem witchcraft 1692. Hippocrene Books.
Romeo, E. K. (2020). The virtuous and violent women of seventeenth-century Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts Press.
Ross, P. (2017). Before Salem. McFarland.
Sewall, S. (1878). The diary of Samuel Sewall (Vol. 2). Massachusetts Historical Society.
Snead, M. D. (1962). Important developments in the grand jury system in Virginia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Spanos, J. B. (2018). Pardon or punish? Legal and community interpretations of a nineteenth-century infanticide. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 142(2), 163–185.
Teeters, N. K., & Nedblom, J. H. (1967). Hang by the neck: The legal use of scaffold and noose, gibbet, stake, and firing squad from colonial times to the present. Charles C. Thomas.
Trumbull, J. H. (Ed.). (1850). The public records of the colony of Connecticut (Vol. 1, 1636–1665). Brown & Parsons.
Winthrop, J. (1853). History of New England from 1630 to 1649. Little, Brown.
Winthrop, J. (1996). The journal of John Winthrop, 1630–1649 (R. Dunn, J. Savage, & L. Yeandle, Eds.). Harvard University Press.
Witkowski, M. C. (2010). “Justice without partiality”: Women and the law in colonial Maryland, 1648–1715 (Doctoral dissertation).
Young, W. (1910). Young’s history of Lafayette County, Missouri (Vol. 1). B. F. Bowen.
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